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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772680
Original Article

Evaluation of Cyclooxygenase-2, P53, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Nitric Oxide Synthase-2 in Angiogenesis and Growth of Tobacco-Related Malignancies

Shruti Gautam
1   Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
,
Manisha Sangma
1   Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
,
Safia Rana
2   Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
,
Shaan Khetrapal
2   Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
,
Sujala Kapur
1   Department of Histopathology, National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
,
Zeeba S. Jairajpuri
2   Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Abstract

Introduction In India, tobacco consumption is responsible for half of all the cancers in men and a quarter in women. The present study focuses on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), P53, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and their relationship with the growth and angiogenesis of tobacco-related malignancies of the oral cavity, esophagus, lungs, and stomach. It further evaluates the carcinogenic action of nicotine and examines whether COX-2 and NOS-2 overexpression is responsible for tumor growth and associated angiogenic VEGF expression via its receptor.

Material and Methods A cross-sectional study on 140 biopsies, resected specimens of cancer of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and lungs, was done. Immunohistochemical evaluation for p53, COX-2, VEGF, and inducible NOS was done. Relevant statistical analysis was applied for the significance of the findings.

Results Immunohistochemical evaluation of pattern of expression of COX-2, NOS-2, VEGF, and p53 was done in both tobacco- and nontobacco-associated cases. The results of the present study revealed an upregulation of COX-2, NOS-2, VEGF, and p53 in all the malignancies.

Conclusion The present results indicated that p53 protein accumulation and increased expression of COX-2, NOS-2, and VEGF might be responsible for carcinogenesis and tumor aggressiveness by enhancing angiogenesis. A possible significant effect of nicotine on COX-2 and P53 expression in tumorigenesis is revealed. These data might have important implications for the therapeutic use of COX-2, NOS-2, and VEGF inhibitors as well as of p53 gene therapy in future anticancer therapeutic strategies in tobacco-related malignancies.

Keywords

tobacco - malignancy - angiogenesis


Publication History

Received: 14 June 2023

Accepted: 20 July 2023

Article published online:
22 September 2023

© 2023. The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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