Rauchen und pneumologische Erkrankungen, positive Effekte der Tabakentwöhnung

Zusammenfassung

Der Raucheranteil in der deutschen Bevölkerung beträgt etwa 30 %. Über die Hälfe der regelmäßigen Zigarettenraucher sterben an den Folgen des Rauchens, und die Lebenserwartung von Rauchern ist im Vergleich zu derjenigen von Nichtrauchern um 10 Jahre reduziert. Tabakrauchen ist der wesentliche Risikofaktor für das Bronchialkarzinom, die chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD) und begünstigt die Entstehung einer Vielzahl weiterer Lungenerkrankungen.
Ein Entwöhnungskonzept, das sowohl pharmakologische als auch psychosoziale Unterstützung umfasst, hat sich für COPD-Patienten als überaus effektiv erwiesen. Die Beendigung des Tabakrauchens birgt sowohl akute Vorteile als auch längerfristige positive Effekte auf lungenfunktionelle Parameter, Symptomatik und auf die Sterblichkeit.
Insgesamt ist die Tabakentwöhnung eine der effektivsten medizinischen Interventionen. Sie sollte daher prioritär gefördert werden.

Abstract

More than 30 % of the German population are regular smokers, over half of whom will eventually die of smoking-related diseases. Life expectancy is abridged by 10 years in smokers compared to non-smokers. Smoking tobacco is the main risk factor for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predisposes to a number of other lung diseases.
A smoking cessation programme including pharmacological as well as psychosocial support is highly effective in COPD Patients. Smoking cessation improves lung function, symptoms and mortality.
In conclusion, smoking cessation services are among the most effective medical interventions. Thus, a sufficient supply of smoking cessation services on a population level must be ensured.

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