Circulating monocytes and atherogenesis: From animal experiments to human studies

• References

• 1 Eijgelaar WJ, Heeneman S, Daemen MJ. The vulnerable patient: refocusing on the plaque?. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 231-239.
• 2 Falk E. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47 (Suppl. 08) C7-12.
• 3 Santilli F, Davì G. Thrombin as a common down-stream target blocking both platelet and monocyte activation. Thromb Haemost 2009; 101: 220-221.
• 4 Shantsila E, Lip GY. The role of monocytes in thrombotic disorders. Insights from tissue factor, monocyte-platelet aggregates and novel mechanisms. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 916-924.
• 5 Weber C. Frontiers of vascular biology: mechanisms of inflammation and immunoregulation during arterial remodelling. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 188-190.
• 6 Choudhury RP, Lee JM, Greaves DR. Mechanisms of disease: Macrophage-derived foam cells emerging as therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2005; 02: 309-315.
• 7 Murphy JE, Tedbury PR, Homer-Vanniasinkam S. et al. Biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian scavenger receptors. Atherosclerosis 2005; 182: 1-15.
• 8 Kapinsky M, Torzewski M, Büchler C. et al. Enzymatically degraded LDL preferentially binds to CD14(high) CD16(+) monocytes and induces foam cell formation mediated only in part by the class B scavenger-receptor CD36. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1004-1010.
• 9 Nozaki S, Kashiwagi H, Yamashita S. et al. Reduced uptake of oxidized low density lipoproteins in monocyte-derived macrophages from CD36-deficient subjects. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 1859-1865.
• 10 Horne BD, Anderson JL, John JM. et al. Which white blood cell subtypes predict increased cardiovascular risk?. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 1638-1643.
• 11 Ohashi K, Burkart V, Flohe S. et al. Cutting edge: heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex. J Immunol 2000; 164: 558-561.
• 12 Soehnlein O, Zernecke A, Weber C. Neutrophils launch monocyte extravasation by release of granule proteins. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 198-205.
• 13 Schuett H, Luchtefeld M, Grothusen C. et al. How much is too much? Interleukin-6 and its signalling in atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost. 2009; 102: 215-222.
• 14 Hanriot D, Bello G, Ropars A. et al. C-reactive protein induces pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, including activation of the liver X receptor alpha, on human monocytes. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 558-569.
• 15 Swirski FK, Libby P, Aikawa E. et al. Ly-6Chi monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 195-205.
• 16 Tacke F, Alvarez D, Kaplan TJ. et al. Monocyte subsets differentially employ CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 to accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 185-194.
• 17 Veillard NR, Steffens S, Pelli G. et al. Differential influence of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 in development of atherosclerosis in vivo. Circulation 2005; 112: 870-878.
• 18 Combadière C, Potteaux S, Rodero M. et al. Combined inhibition of CCL2, CX3CR1, and CCR5 abrogates Ly6C(hi) and Ly6C(lo) monocytosis and almost abolishes atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation 2008; 117: 1649-1657.
• 19 Wu H, Gower RM, Wang H. et al. Functional role of CD11c+ monocytes in atherogenesis associated with hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 2009; 119: 2708-2717.
• 20 Auffray C, Sieweke MH, Geissmann F. Blood monocytes: development, heterogeneity, and relationship with dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2009; 27: 669-692.
• 21 Rothe G, Herr AS, Stöhr J. et al. A more mature phenotype of blood mononuclear phagocytes is inemic patients with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 1999; 144: 251-261.
• 22 Schlitt A, Heine GH, Blankenberg S. et al. CD14+CD16+ monocytes in coronary artery disease and their relationship to serum TNF-alpha levels. Thromb Haemost 2004; 92: 419-424.
• 23 Mosig S, Rennert K, Krause S. et al. Different functions of monocyte subsets in familial hypercholesterolemia: potential function of CD14+ CD16+ monocytes in detoxification of oxidized LDL. FASEB J 2009; 23: 866-874.
• 24 Dresel HA, Via DP, Stohr M. et al. Observations on leukocytes from patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia. Arteriosclerosis 1986; 06: 259-264.
• 25 Auffray C, Fogg D, Garfa M. et al. Monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior. Science 2007; 317: 666-670.
• 26 Soehnlein O, Zernecke A, Weber C. Neutrophils launch monocyte extravasation by release of granule proteins. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 198-205.
• 27 Hristov M, Leyendecker T, Schuhmann C. et al. Circulating monocyte subsets and cardiovascular risk factors in coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 2010; 104: 412-414.