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Semin Neurol 2018; 38(01): 062-072
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1620274
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Concepts for Immunotherapies in Gliomas

Michael Platten
1   Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim Medical Center, Mannheim, Germany
2   CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
,
David A. Reardon
3   Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
16 March 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Strategies to empower the immune system to successfully attack cancers, including vaccination approaches, adaptive T cell therapies, and immune checkpoint modulators, have recently achieved remarkable success across a spectrum of cancer indications. Nonetheless, with rare exception, only a minority of patients with a given type of cancer respond to an immunotherapeutic when administered as single-agent therapy. Although under extensive laboratory and clinical investigation, the role of these approaches for glioma patients remains to be determined. While the central nervous system (CNS) is no longer regarded as an immunoprivileged sanctuary, nuances regarding immune responses in the CNS may impact on the activity of immunotherapy treatments of brain tumor patients. Furthermore, many common CNS tumors such as World Health Organization grade III and IV (high grade) gliomas utilize myriad, nonoverlapping strategies to dampen or extinguish antitumor immune responses. For these reasons, critical research efforts are focused on identifying biomarkers that predict patients with a heightened likelihood of therapeutic benefit as well as evaluating rationally designed combinatorial immunotherapy approaches with potentially complementary mechanisms of immune-activation for brain cancer patients.

Keywords

glioma - Immunotherapy - Immunosuppression - immune checkpoint - vaccine
 

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