Sonography of Joint Replacements

ABSTRACT

Sonography is ideally suited for the evaluation of joint effusion, synovial thickening, and the ligaments and tendons surrounding a joint replacement because it is not hampered by the dephasing artifact of magnetic resonance imaging or the beam-hardening streak artifact of computed tomographic scanning. Although it is unable to visualize deep within the joint or into the bone surrounding an arthroplasty component, its dynamic capability allows evaluation of joint kinematics and its real-time capability can guide interventional procedures. This article reviews the sonographic appearances of complications of arthroplasty of the shoulder, hip, and knee.

KEYWORDS

Sonography - arthroplasty - joint replacement - complications - knee - shoulder - hip

REFERENCES

• 1 Westhoff B, Wild A, Werner A, Schneider T, Kahl V, Krauspe R. The value of ultrasound after shoulder arthroplasty.  Skeletal Radiol. 2002;  31 695-701
• 2 Sofka C M, Adler R S. Original report. Sonographic evaluation of shoulder arthroplasty.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;  180 1117-1120
• 3 Gibbon W W, Long G, Barron D A, O'Connor P J. Complications of orthopedic implants: sonographic evaluation.  J Clin Ultrasound. 2002;  30 288-299
• 4 Sofka C M, Haddad Z K, Adler R S. Detection of muscle atrophy on routine sonography of the shoulder.  J Ultrasound Med. 2004;  23 1031-1034
• 5 Komppa G H, Northern Sr J R, Haas D K, Lisecki E, Ghaed N. Ultrasound guidance for needle aspiration of the hip in patients with painful hip prosthesis.  J Clin Ultrasound. 1985;  13 433-434
• 6 Baratelli M, Cabitza P, Parrini L. Ultrasonography in the investigation of loose hip prostheses.  Ital J Orthop Traumatol. 1986;  12 77-83
• 7 Graif M, Schwartz E, Strauss S, Mouallem M, Schecter M, Morag B. Occult infection of hip prosthesis: sonographic evaluation.  J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;  39 203-204
• 8 Foldes K, Gaal M, Balint P et al.. Ultrasonography after hip arthroplasty.  Skeletal Radiol. 1992;  21 297-299
• 9 van Holsbeeck M T, Eyler W R, Sherman L S et al.. Detection of infection in loosened hip prostheses: efficacy of sonography.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;  163 381-384
• 10 Weybright P N, Jacobson J A, Murry K H et al.. Limited effectiveness of sonography in revealing hip joint effusion: preliminary results in 21 adult patients, with native and postoperative hips.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;  181 215-218
• 11 Foldes K, Balint P, Balint G, Buchanan W W. Ultrasound-guided aspiration in suspected sepsis of resection arthroplasty of the hip joint.  Clin Rheumatol. 1995;  14 327-329
• 12 Walther M, Harms H, Krenn V, Radke S, Kirschner S, Gohlke F. Synovial tissue of the hip at power Doppler US: correlation between vascularity and power Doppler US signal.  Radiology. 2002;  225 225-231
• 13 Jasani V, Richards P, Wynn-Jones C. Pain related to the psoas muscle after total hip replacement.  J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;  84 991-993
• 14 Cyteval C, Sarrabere M P, Cottin A et al.. Iliopsoas impingement on the acetabular component: radiologic and computed tomography findings of a rare hip prosthesis complication in eight cases.  J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2003;  27 183-188
• 15 Della Valle C, Rafii M, Jaffe W. Iliopsoas tendonitis after total hip arthroplasty.  J Arthroplasty. 2001;  16 923-926
• 16 Rezig R, Copercini M, Montet X, Martinoli C, Bianchi S. Ultrasound diagnosis of anterior iliopsoas impingement in total hip replacement.  Skeletal Radiol. 2004;  33 112-116
• 17 Wank R, Miller T T, Shapior J F. Sonographically guided injection of anesthetic for iliopsoas tendinopathy after total hip arthroplasty.  J Clin Ultrasound. 2004;  32 354-357
• 18 Parrini L, Baratelli M, Parrini M. Ultrasound examination of haematomas after total hip replacement.  Int Orthop. 1988;  12 79-82
• 19 Lem S, Nolan R L. Complications of hip arthroplasty simulating pelvic or bladder pathology: sonographic and radiographic findings.  Abdom Imaging. 2000;  25 440-443
• 20 Cheung Y M, Gupte C M, Beverly M J. Iliopsoas bursitis following total hip replacement.  Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2004;  124 720-723
• 21 Kelly M A. Extensor mechanism complications in total knee arthroplasty.  Instr Course Lect. 2004;  53 193-199
• 22 Bianchi S, Zwass A, Abdelwahab I F, Banderali A. Diagnosis of tears of the quadriceps tendon of the knee: value of sonography.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994;  162 1137-1140
• 23 La S, Fessell D P, Femino J E, Jacobson J A, Jamadar D, Hayes C. Sonography of partial-thickness quadriceps tendon tears with surgical correlation.  J Ultrasound Med. 2003;  22 1323-1329
• 24 Heyde C E, Mahlfeld K, Stahel P F, Kayser R. Ultrasonography as a reliable diagnostic tool in old quadriceps tendon ruptures: a prospective multicentre study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2005 Jan 5; [Epub ahead of print]. 
• 25 Holt G E, Dennis D A. The role of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;  416 76-83
• 26 Okamoto T, Futani H, Atsui K, Fukunishi S, Koezuka A, Maruo S. Sonographic appearance of fibrous nodules in patellar clunk syndrome: a case report.  J Orthop Sci. 2002;  7 590-593
• 27 Kim J, Nelson C L, Lotke P A. Stiffness after total knee arthroplasty. Prevalence of the complication and outcomes of revision.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;  86 1479-1484
• 28 Ries M D, Badalamente M. Arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;  (380) 177-183
• 29 Boldt J G, Munzinger U K, Zanetti M, Hodler J. Arthrofibrosis associated with total knee arthroplasty: gray-scale and power Doppler sonographic findings.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;  182 337-340
• 30 Bong M R, Di Cesare P E. Stiffness after total knee arthroplasty.  J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;  12 164-171
• 31 Yashar A A, Adler R S, Grady-Benson J C, Matthews L S, Freiberg A A. An ultrasound method to evaluate polyethylene component wear in total knee replacement arthroplasty.  Am J Orthop. 1996;  25 702-704
• 32 Sofka C, Adler R S, Laskin R. Sonography of polyethylene liners used in total knee arthroplasty.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;  180 1437-1441