Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant mortality and morbidity
in people of all age groups worldwide. Given the uncertainty regarding the mode of
transmission and potential effects of COVID-19 on pregnant mothers and their newborns,
guidelines for taking care of maternal–newborn dyads have evolved tremendously since
the pandemic began. There has been an enormous influx of published materials regarding
the outcomes of mothers and newborns. Still, multiple knowledge gaps regarding comprehensive
information about risk to the mothers and newborns exist, which need to be addressed.
Current evidence suggests that mothers with symptomatic COVID-19 infection are at
increased risk of severe illness during pregnancy, with a higher need for respiratory
support and premature deliveries. Neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 are at increased
risk of needing intensive care; however, most newborns do well after birth. As new
mutant variants arise, we need to be cautious while proactively understanding any
new evolving patterns. All leading health authorities strongly recommend COVID-19
vaccination before or during pregnancy to reduce the risk of maternal morbidities
and benefit from passing antibodies to newborns prenatally and via breastmilk. Additionally,
there are racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in outcomes and vaccination
coverage for pregnant women. This article summarizes the rapidly evolving evidence
for the last 1.5 years and aims to help health care professionals care for mothers
with COVID-19 and their newborns.
Key Points
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COVID-19 in pregnancy can cause perinatal morbidities.
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Breastfeeding and breast milk are safe for newborns.
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COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk for morbidities.
Keywords
COVID-19 - SARS-CoV-2 - pregnancy - newborn - vaccination
