Zusammenfassung
Die Inzidenz erster epileptischer Anfälle liegt bei 0,13 % bei über 60-Jährigen; ca.
30 % aller Epilepsien beginnen im höheren Lebensalter und sind in rund 50 % durch
zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen bedingt. Zerebrale Ischämien werden in über 10 % durch
epileptische Anfälle kompliziert, wobei ein Drittel bis die Hälfte innerhalb der ersten
2 Wochen auftreten (Frühanfälle), zumeist innerhalb der ersten 24 Stunden. Risikofaktoren
stellen vor allem kortikale Lokalisation und Schwere des Schlaganfalls dar. Intrazerebrale
Blutungen führen häufiger als Ischämien zu epileptischen Anfällen (15 - 25 %), wobei
Frühanfälle überwiegen. Bei kortikaler Blutungslokalisation besteht ein erheblich
erhöhtes Risiko. Subarachnoidalblutungen führen in zirka 20 % zu epileptischen Anfällen
und in 7 % zu Epilepsien, wobei die Epilepsieinzidenz nach Coiling eines Aneurysmas
im Vergleich zur operativen Ausschaltung niedriger ist. Insgesamt ist das Risiko,
nach einem Schlaganfall eine Epilepsie zu entwickeln, bei Frühanfällen deutlich geringer
im Vergleich zu Spätanfällen, die in deutlich über 50 % zu einer Epilepsie führen,
sodass bei diesen prinzipiell eine medikamentöse Behandlung gerechtfertigt ist. Bei
10 - 20 % der Schlaganfallpatienten werden die epileptischen Anfälle durch Status
epileptici kompliziert, wobei es sich häufig um nichtkonvulsive Status handelt.
Abstract
The incidence of epileptic seizures among the elderly is 0.13 %. About one third of
epilepsies begins within this age group. Stroke is the leading cause, particularly
the ischemic stroke. At least 10 % of ischemic strokes are complicated by epileptic
seizures, one third to one half occurring within the first two weeks (early-onset
seizures), particularly within the first 24 hours. Cortical location and initial stroke
severity represent major risk factors. In 15 - 25 % intracerebral bleeding leads to
epileptic seizures, most of them being of the early-onset type. Cortical bleeding
location is a strong risk factor for epileptic seizures. Subarachnoid bleeding is
complicated by epileptic seizures in 20 %. Epilepsy occurs in about 7 %, though less
often when treated by coiling compared to neurosurgical intervention. The risk of
developing epilepsy after stroke is increased in late-onset seizures, clearly exceeding
50 %, which justifies treatment. Status epilepticus occurs in 10 - 20 % among patients
with poststroke seizures, often of the nonconvulsive type.
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Dr. A. Joos
Universitätsklinik Freiburg · Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie
Hauptstraße 8
79104 Freiburg
eMail: Andreas-Joos@psysom.ukl.uni-freiburg.de