Die Rasch Progessive Glomerulonephritis im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Die rasch progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) im Kindesalter stellt eine seltene aber schwere Erkrankung dar, die häufig zu einer dialysepflichtigen Niereninsuffizienz führt. In diesem Review wird die Definition der RPGN dargestellt und das grundsätzliche diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen inklusive Nierenbiopsie werden diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden die Besonderheiten einzelner Krankheitsentitäten beschrieben, die eine RPGN verursachen können und entsprechende diagnostische und therapeutische Besonderheiten dargestellt.

Abstract

Rapid Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a rare but very severe disease in children that often leads to acute and/or chronic renal failure requiring dialysis therapy. In this review, diagnostic criteria of RPGN including renal biopsy are discussed. An overview on general therapeutic strategies is discussed. Entities/diseases that cause RPGN are then described and special diagnostic and therapeutic features are given.

Schlüsselwörter

Kinder - Glomerulonephritis - Akutes Nierenversagen - Dialyse

Key words

Children - Glomerulonephritis - acute kidney injury - Dialysis

• Literatur

• 1 Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Nephrologie . Treatment recommendations in children and adolescents with lupus nephritis. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2007; 155: 1175-1188
• 2 Baldwin DS, Neugarten J, Feiner HD. et al. The existence of a protracted course in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 1987; 31: 790-794
• 3 Bockmeyer C, Becker J. C3-glomerulopathie. Nephrologe 2013; 8: 483
• 4 Cha B, Kim DY, Jang H. et al. Unusual case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody glomerulonephritis: A case report and review of the literature. Electrolyte Blood Press 2017; 15: 12-16
• 5 Chen M, Yu F, Wang SX. et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-negative pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 599-605
• 6 Counahan R, Winterborn MH, White RH. et al. Prognosis of henoch-schonlein nephritis in children. Br Med J 1977; 2: 11-14
• 7 Dorval G, Lion M, Guerin S. et al. Immunoadsorption in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis: Case report in a child and literature review. Pediatrics 2017; 140 accessed on 26. April 2018
• 8 Dötsch J, Weber L. Nierenerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Berlin, Heidelberg s.l: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2017. accessed on 26. April 2018
• 9 Farasat S, Aksentijevich I, Toro JR. Autoinflammatory diseases: Clinical and genetic advances. Arch Dermatol 2008; 144: 392-402
• 10 Gardner-Medwin JM, Dolezalova P, Cummins C. et al. Incidence of henoch-schonlein purpura, kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins. The Lancet 2002; 360: 1197-1202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11279-7 accessed on 26. April 2018
• 11 Greenhall GH, Salama AD. What is new in the management of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?. Clin Kidney J 2015; 8: 143-150
• 12 Haubitz M. Nierenbeteiligung bei ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden. DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2018; 143: 79-88
• 13 Haubitz M. ANCA-associated vasculitis: Diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment. Vasa 2007; 36: 81-89
• 14 Jauhola O, Ronkainen J, Koskimies O. et al. Renal manifestations of henoch-schonlein purpura in a 6-month prospective study of 223 children. Arch Dis Child 2010; 95: 877-882
• 15 Jennette JC. Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2003; 63: 1164-1177
• 16 Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA. et al. 2012 revised international chapel hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65: 1-11
• 17 Jennette JC, Thomas DB. Crescentic glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16 (Suppl. 06) 80-82
• 18 Kanjanabuch T, Kittikowit W, Eiam-Ong S. An update on acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis worldwide. Nat Rev Nephrol 2009; 5: 259-269
• 19 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group . KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis. Kidney international Supplements 2012; 2: 139-274 http://www.kdigo.org/clinical_practice_guidelines/pdf/KDIGO-GN-Guideline.pdf
• 20 Kuemmerle-Deschner JB. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes – recognition and treatment. Akute Rhematologie 2017; 42: 59-65
• 21 Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Haug I. Canakinumab in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: An update for clinicians. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2013; 5: 315-329
• 22 Kummerle-Deschner JB, Tyrrell PN, Reess F. et al. Risk factors for severe muckle-wells syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 3783-3791
• 23 Levy JB, Turner AN, Rees AJ. et al. Long-term outcome of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease treated with plasma exchange and immunosuppression. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 1033-1042
• 24 Lv J, Zhang H, Chen Y. et al. Combination therapy of prednisone and ACE inhibitor versus ACE-inhibitor therapy alone in patients with IgA nephropathy: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53: 26-32
• 25 Moroni G, Banfi G, Maccario M. et al. Extracapillary glomerulonephritis and renal amyloidosis. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 28: 695-699
• 26 Moroni G, Ponticelli C. Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis: Early treatment is a must. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13: 723-729
• 27 Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC. et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 310-317
• 28 Narchi H. Risk of long term renal impairment and duration of follow up recommended for henoch-schonlein purpura with normal or minimal urinary findings: A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90: 916-920
• 29 Nasr SH, Markowitz GS, Stokes MB. et al. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the modern era: Experience with 86 adults and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2008; 87: 21-32
• 30 Niaudet P, Habib R. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of severe forms of schonlein-henoch purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 1998; 12: 238-243
• 31 Nieman LK. Cushingʼs syndrome: Update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173: M33-M38
• 32 Noone D, Hebert D, Licht C. Pathogenesis and treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis – a role for complement. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33: 1-11
• 33 Noone DG, Twilt M, Hayes WN. et al. The new histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated GN and its association with renal outcomes in childhood. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9: 1684-1691
• 34 Ozen S, Ruperto N, Dillon MJ. et al. EULAR/PReS endorsed consensus criteria for the classification of childhood vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 936-941
• 35 Plumb LA, Oni L, Marks SD. et al. Paediatric anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis: An update on renal management. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33: 25-39
• 36 Pohl M, Dittrich K, Ehrich JHH. et al. Treatment of henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis in children and adolescents. therapy recommendations of the german society for pediatric nephrology (GPN). Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2013; 161: 543-552
• 37 Pozzi C, Bolasco P, Fogazzi G. et al. Corticosteroids in IgA nephropathy: A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 1999; 353: 883-887. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03563-6, accessed on 26. April 2018
• 38 Rauen T, Floege J. Inflammation in IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32: 2215-2224
• 39 Riedl M, Thorner P, Licht C. C3 glomerulopathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32: 43-57
• 40 Rousset-Rouvière C, Cailliez M, Garaix F. et al. Rituximab fails where eculizumab restores renal function in C3nef-related DDD. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29: 1107-1111
• 41 Rowaiye OO, Kusztal M, Klinger M. The kidneys and ANCA-associated vasculitis: From pathogenesis to diagnosis. Clin. Kidney J 2015; 8: 343-350
• 42 Scarpioni R, Rigante D, Cantarini L. et al. Renal involvement in secondary amyloidosis of muckle-wells syndrome: Marked improvement of renal function and reduction of proteinuria after therapy with human anti-interleukin-1beta monoclonal antibody canakinumab. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34: 1311-1316
• 43 Servais A, Noel LH, Roumenina LT. et al. Acquired and genetic complement abnormalities play a critical role in dense deposit disease and other C3 glomerulopathies. Kidney Int 2012; 82: 454-464
• 44 Trimarchi H, Barratt J, Cattran DC. et al. Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: An update from the IgA nephropathy classification working group. Kidney Int 2017; 91: 1014-1021
• 45 Walker PD, Ferrario F, Joh K. et al. Dense deposit disease is not a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Mod Pathol 2007; 20: 605-616
• 46 Wiegand G, Amon O, Niethammer D. et al. Muckle-wells-syndrom als rheumatische differenzialdiagnose. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 2003; 151: 416-421
• 47 Wolf G. Rasch progrediente Glomerulonephritis: Ein nephrologischer Notfall. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2003; 100: A 2123:
• 48 Working Group of the International IgA Nephropathy Network and the Renal Pathology Society . Roberts IS, Cook HT. et al The oxford classification of IgA nephropathy: Pathology definitions, correlations, and reproducibility. Kidney Int 2009; 76: 546-556
• 49 Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM. et. al. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. Kidney Int 2004; 65: 521-530
• 50 Wyatt RJ, Julian BA. IgA nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 2402-2414
• 51 Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J. et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1547-1559
• 52 Zavada J, Pesickova S, Ryšava R. et al. Cyclosporine A or intravenous cyclophosphamide for lupus nephritis: The cyclofa-lune study. Lupus 2010; 19: 1281-1289