Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität gewinnt als Zielparameter für verschiedene Akteure
des Gesundheitswesens an Bedeutung, z. B. bei der Therapieevaluation von chronisch
kranken
Patienten. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die unterschiedlichen Ebenen der „gesundheitsbezogenen
Lebensqualität“, aktuelle Methoden zur Erfassung patientenberichteter
Gesundheitsmerkmale sowie moderne testtheoretische Ansätze und deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten.
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) acquires increased importance as a target parameter
for different stakeholders in healthcare, e. g. to assess treatment outcome in chronically
ill patients. In this educational article, we explain the levels of the health-related
quality of life construct and associated main dimensions including physical, mental
and social health. State-of-the-art approaches for assessment of patient-reported
outcomes (PROs) are introduced on the basis of the HRQoL model. Furthermore, modern
test-theoretical approaches and their applications are presented, which are aimed
at standardizing and improving the assessment of PROs (e. g., computer-adaptive testing).
Finally, we present 2 major international PRO initiatives (PROMIS® and EORTC Quality of Life Group) that have been influential in advancing the assessment
of patient outcomes over the last few years.
Schlüsselwörter
patientenberichtete Gesundheitsmerkmale - gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität - probabilistische
Testtheorie - Computer-adaptive Tests - Itembank
Key words
patient-reported outcomes - Health-related Quality of Life - Item-response theory
- computer-adaptive testing - item bank
