Verdauungsoptimierung – wie sich Ernährung und Mikrobiom gegenseitig beeinflussen

Abstract

Nutrition affects intestinal bacteria by stimulating the expansion of bacteria that can metabolize the nutrient components offered. Conversely, gut bacteria help to optimize food digestion and increase energy intake. Thus, the intestinal microbiome is regulated primarily by nourishment: it determines the composition, function and diversity of the microbiome. As a result, the intestinal microbiome helps to optimize energy and substrate production from food. This is beneficial in cases of imminent malnutrition, but can be detrimental in case of overeating and obesity.

Die Nahrung beeinflusst die Darmbakterien dadurch, dass sie solche Bakterien zur Expansion stimuliert, welche die angebotenen Nahrungsbestandteile metabolisieren können. Umgekehrt helfen auf diese Weise die Darmbakterien, die Verdauung der Nahrung zu optimieren und die Energieaufnahme zu erhöhen. Davon profitieren beide – unser Organismus und die Darmbakterien.

Schlüsselwörter

Ernährung - Adipositas - Unterernährung - Darm-Mikrobiom - PNALD

Key words

nutrition - obesity - malnutrition - gut microbiome - PNALD

• Literatur

• 1 Schmidt RF, Lang F, Heckmann M. Hrsg Physiologie des Menschen: Mit Pathophysiologie. 31. Aufl Heidelberg: Springer; 2017
• 2 Behrends J, Bischofberger J, Deutzmann R. et al. Hrsg Physiologie Duale Reihe. 3. Aufl Stuttgart: Thieme; 2016
• 3 Sartor RB. Gut microbiota: Diet promotes dysbiosis and colitis in susceptible hosts. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 9: 561-562
• 4 Adike A, DiBaise JK. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: Nutritional Implications, Diagnosis, and Management. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2018; 47: 193-208
• 5 Quigley EMM. The Spectrum of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019; 21: 3
• 6 Bischoff SC. Intestinales Mikrobiom und metabolische Erkrankungen. Der Internist 2017; 58: 441-448
• 7 Scaldaferri F, Nardone O, Lopetuso LR. et al. Intestinal gas production and gastrointestinal symptoms: from pathogenesis to clinical implication. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17 (Suppl. 02) 2-10
• 8 Goodrich JK, Davenport ER, Waters JL. et al. Cross-species comparisons of host genetic associations with the microbiome. Science 2016; 352: 532-535
• 9 David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN. et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature 2014; 505: 559-563
• 10 Sonnenburg ED, Smits SA, Tikhonov M. et al. Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations. Nature 2016; 529: 212-215
• 11 Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E. et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011; 473: 174-180
• 12 Byrne CS, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ. et al. The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. Int J Obes 2015; 39: 1331-1338
• 13 Bindels LB, Dewulf EM, Delzenne NM. GPR43 / FFA2: physiopathological relevance and therapeutic prospects. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34: 226-232
• 14 De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Goncalves D. et al. Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits. Cell 2014; 156: 84-96
• 15 Zeevi D, Korem T, Zmora N. et al. Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses. Cell 2015; 163: 1079-1094
• 16 Goodrich JK, Waters JL, Poole AC. et al. Human genetics shape the gut microbiome. Cell 2014; 159: 789-799
• 17 Louis S, Tappu RM, Damms-Machado A. et al. Characterization of the Gut Microbial Community of Obese Patients Following a Weight-Loss Intervention Using Whole Metagenome Shotgun Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0149564
• 18 Gatti S, Galeazzi T, Franceschini E. et al. Effects of the Exclusive Enteral Nutrition on the Microbiota Profile of Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2017; 9 (08) E832
• 19 Jiang C, Xie C, Lv Y. et al. Intestine-selective farnesoid X receptor inhibition improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Nat Commun 2015; 6: 10166
• 20 Bischoff SC, Boirie Y, Cederholm T. et al. Towards a multidisciplinary approach to understand and manage obesity and related diseases. Clin Nutr 2016 [Epub ahead of print]
• 21 Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I. et al. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control.. Nature 2013; 498: 99-103
• 22 Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z. et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 2012; 490: 55-60
• 23 Forslund K, Hildebrand F, Nielsen T. et al. Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota. Nature 2015; 528: 262-266
• 24 Pedersen HK, Gudmundsdottir V, Nielsen HB. et al. Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity. Nature 2016; 535: 376-381
• 25 Zhao L, Zhang F, Ding X. et al. Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science 2018; 359: 1151-1156