Differenzialdiagnostik entzündlicher Gelenkschmerzen und-schwellungen im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Kindliche Gelenkbeschwerden zählen zu den häufigsten Symptomen, die zur Vorstellung beim Kinderarzt führen. Entzündliche Gelenkerkrankungen sind im Kindesalter insgesamt nicht selten. Es werden nach dem zeitlichen Verlauf akute und chronische Arthritiden unterschieden, sowie Arthritiden im Rahmen von Systemerkrankungen. Akute Arthritiden schließen die septische Arthritis, Coxitis fugax und andere postinfektiöse selbstlimitierende Arthritiden ein, ebenso das rheumatische Fieber und die Lyme-Arthritis. Die häufigste chronische Gelenkerkrankung mit einer über zumindest 6 Wochen persistierende Arthritis ist die juvenile idiopathische Arthritis, die in 7 Kategorien eingeteilt wird: Oligoarthritis, rheumafaktorpositive und -negative Polyarthritis, systemische Arthritis/Still-Syndrom, enthesitisassozierte Arthritis, Psoriasisarthritis und unklassifizierte Arthritis. Arthritiden sind auch eine häufige Manifestation bei rheumatischen Systemerkrankungen, bei Vaskulitiden und bei den autoinflammatorischen Erkrankungen vor. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Einblick in die Differenzialdiagose bei Arthritiden im Kindesalter.

Abstract

Inflammatory joint diseases are not uncommon in children. A distinction is made between acute and chronic arthritis as well as arthritis in the context of systemic diseases. Acute arthritis includes septic arthritis, transient coxitis and other types of post-infectious self-limiting arthritis as well as rheumatic fever and Lyme disease. The most common chronic joint disease with arthritis persisting for at least 6 weeks is juvenile idiopathic arthritis, which is divided into 7 categories: oligoarthritis, rheumatoid factor-positive and -negative polyarthritis, systemic arthritis/Still’s disease, enthesitis-related arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and unclassified arthritis. Arthritis is also a frequent manifestation in rheumatic systemic diseases, vasculitis and autoinflammatory diseases. This review provides an outline of the differential diagnosis of arthritis in childhood.

Schlüsselwörter

Arthritis - Gelenkentzündung - Differenzialdiagnose

Key words

arthritis - joint inflammation - differential diagnosis

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