Boswelliaextrakte/Boswelliasäuren bei malignen Tumoren: Eine Übersicht

H.P.T. Ammon

doi:10.1055/a-0889-5569

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie, Table of Contents

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 2019; 51(04): 177-185
DOI: 10.1055/a-0889-5569

Forschung

Boswelliaextrakte/Boswelliasäuren bei malignen Tumoren: Eine Übersicht

Boswellia Extracts and Boswellic Acids in Malignant Tumors: An Overview

H.P.T. Ammon

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Harze der Bäume verschiedener Boswellia-Spezies – pharmazeutisch Olibanum genannt – werden seit Jahrtausenden als Arzneimittel – auch bei Tumoren – verwendet. Seit den 1990er-Jahren häufen sich die Berichte über Antitumorwirkungen von Extrakten aus dem Harz und einigen Inhaltsstoffen, hier insbesondere von Boswelliasäuren. Präklinische Studien zeigten eine Hemmung der Proliferation, Antiangiogenese und der Ausbreitung von Metastasen sowie Induktion von Apoptose bei einer Vielzahl von Tumorzelllinien wie: Leukämie-, Glioblastom-, Meningiom-, Prostata-, Leber-, Mamma-, Kolon-, Pankreas- und Lungenkarzinomzellen.

Die Inhaltsstoffe eines Boswelia-Extraktes (BE) verhalten sich in ihrer Antitumorwirkung synergistisch zueinander und auch gegenüber Chemotherapeutika und Bestrahlung. Der Mechanismus der Antitumorwirkung beeinflusst mehrere Transduktionssignalwege und Einzelfaktoren, die mit Proliferation, Apoptose, Angiogenese und Invasion im Zusammenhang stehen. Ihre Aktivierung erfolgt in vielen Fällen durch Phosphorylierungsreaktionen. Letztere werden durch BE und -inhaltsstoffe gehemmt. Eine wichtige Rolle bei der Apoptosewirkung spielt die Aktivierung von Caspasen.

Klinische Studien liegen außer bei Hirntumoren nicht vor. Ein Vorteil von BE ist die geringe Toxizität. Dies sollte Anlass zur Durchführung klinischer Studien sein.

Abstract

Resins from trees of different Boswellic species – the pharmaceutical name is Olibanum, also called frankincense – has been used as a remedy, including the treatment of tumors. Since the last decades there are increasing reports about antitumor effects of extracts of Boswellia gum resins and some of its pharmacological active ingredients, particularly boswellic acids. Preclinical studies performed in vitro and in vivo exhibited inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis and metastatic invasions as well as activation of apoptosis. This is true for a variety of tumor cell lines, e. g. leukemia, prostatic carcinoma, glioblastoma, meningioma, liver-, mamma-, colon-, pancreas- and lung-carcinomas. Several ingredients of Olibanum showed synergistic anti-tumor activity among each other, but also towards chemotherapeutics and irradiation. The mechanism of action concerns a variety of signal transduction pathways related to proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion of metastases as well as activation of caspases. These signal transductions include P13K-Akt-STAT3-Erk1/2-Akt1/mTor- and Wnt/β-Catenin-pathways. Most signal transductions are activated through phosphorylation reactions. These are inhibited by Boswellic extracts and their active ingredients.

So far clinical studies in humans are missing except for peritumoral brain edema. Advantage is little toxicity which should encourage clinical trials.

Schlüsselwörter

Boswelliaextrakte - -säuren - Tumore - Signalwege - Proliferation - Apoptose - Angiogenese - Metastasen

Key words

Boswellic extracts - -acids - tumors - signaling pathways - proliferation - apoptosis - angiogenesis - metastases

Full Text

References

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