Eine Perikardpunktion dient einerseits der notfallmäßigen und sofortigen Entlastung
einer Herztamponade, andererseits lässt sich das Verfahren zu differenzialdiagnostischen
Zwecken einsetzen – jedoch meist nur mit mäßigem Erfolg. Dem gegenüber stehen hohe
Risiken, wie Verletzungen von Lunge, Leber und dem Herzen selbst. Dieser Schritt-für-Schritt-Beitrag
erläutert das sichere Vorgehen einer echokardiografisch gestützten Perikardpunktion.
Abstract
A pericardial effusion can be caused by malignant, infectious and autoimmune diseases
or by trauma, such as a coronary artery rupture during a cath procedure. In the case
of a cardiac tamponade a pericardiocentesis has to be performed immediately.
Additionally, a pericardiocentesis may also be performed for diagnostic purposes.
However, since histologic and microbiologic findings are rarely pointing to hitherto
unsuspected results, the risk of the procedure must very carefully be weighed against
its benefits. The risks of a pericardiocentesis include injuries to the lungs and
liver as well as the heart itself, such as puncture of the right ventricle or the
rupture of a coronary artery.
This article is a step-by-step description of how to safely perform an ultrasound-guided
pericardiocentesis.
Schlüsselwörter
Perikardpunktion - Perikarderguss - Perikardtamponade
Key words
pericardiocentesis - pericardial effusion - cardiac tamponade
