Gastroenterologie up2date 2020; 16(04): 351-364
DOI: 10.1055/a-1102-9904
Ösophagus/Magen/Duodenum

Barrett-Ösophagus

Oliver Pech

Ein Barrett-Ösophagus birgt ein erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung einer intraepithelialen Neoplasie und eines Adenokarzinoms. Die Progression erfolgt über eine niedrig-, dann hochgradige intraepitheliale Neoplasie – daher kommt der Überwachung der Patienten große Bedeutung zu. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich Überwachungsstrategien, der Prävention der malignen Progression sowie der endoskopischen Untersuchung und Therapie beim Barrett-Ösophagus.

Kernaussagen
  • Ein Barrett-Ösophagus liegt nur bei Nachweis einer Zylinderepithelmetaplasie-Zunge mit mindestens 10 mm Länge und spezialisiertem Zylinderepithel mit Becherzellen vor.

  • Durch das Sprühen von 1,5%iger Essigsäure auf das Barrett-Epithel können frühe Barrett-Neoplasien mit einer hohen Sensitivität und Spezifität detektiert werden.

  • Die endoskopische Resektion gefolgt von ablativen Verfahren ist die Therapie der Wahl bei sichtbaren frühen Barrett-Neoplasien.

  • Das bevorzugte Ablationsverfahren ist die Radiofrequenzablation.

  • Die endoskopische Therapie von T1b-Barrett-Adenokarzinomen ohne Vorliegen von Risikofaktoren ist eine gute Alternative zur Ösophagusresektion.

  • Die endoskopische Therapie von frühen Barrett-Neoplasien weist in erfahrenen Händen eine geringe Komplikationsrate auf (Blutungen < 1%, Perforationen < 1%, Stenose 10%).



Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
02. Dezember 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Koop H, Fuchs KH, Labenz J. et al. Mitarbeiter der Leitliniengruppe. S2K-Leitlinie Gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung. Z Gastroenterol 2014; 52: 1299-1346 doi:10.1055/s-0034-1385202
  • 2 Weusten B, Bisschops R, Coron E. et al. Endoscopic management of Barrettʼs esophagus: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement. Endoscopy 2017; 49: 191-198 doi:10.1055/s-0042-122140
  • 3 Pohl H, Welch HG. The role of overdiagnosis and reclassification in the marked increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 142-146
  • 4 Singh S, Garg SK, Singh PP. et al. Acid-suppressive medications and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrettʼs oesophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2014; 63: 1229-1237
  • 5 Jankowski JAZ, de Caestecker J, Love SB. et al. AspECT Trial Team. Esomeprazole and aspirin in Barrettʼs oesophagus (AspECT): a randomised factorial trial. Lancet 2018; 392: 400-408
  • 6 Maret-Ouda J, Konings P, Lagergren J. et al. Antireflux surgery and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2016; 263: 251-257
  • 7 Sharma P, Dent J, Armstrong D. et al. The development and validation of an endoscopic grading system for Barrettʼs esophagus: the Prague C & M criteria. Gastroenterology 2006; 131: 1392-1399
  • 8 Gupta N, Gaddam S, Wani SB. et al. Longer inspection time is associated with increased detection of high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76: 531-538 doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.04.470
  • 9 Song J, Zhang J, Wang J. et al. Meta-analysis of the effects of endoscopy with narrow band imaging in detecting dysplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2015; 28: 560-566 doi:10.1111/dote.12222
  • 10 Sharma P, Bergman JJ, Goda K. et al. Development and validation of a classification system to identify high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs esophagus using narrow-band imaging. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 591-598 doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.037
  • 11 Coletta M, Sami SS, Nachiappan A. et al. Acetic acid chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of early neoplasia and specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83: 57-67.e1 doi:10.1016/j.gie.2015.07.023
  • 12 Hvid-Jensen F, Pedersen L, Drewes AM. et al. Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrettʼs esophagus. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1375-1383
  • 13 Duits LC, Phoa KN, Curvers WL. et al. Barrettʼs oesophagus patients with low-grade dysplasia can be accurately risk-stratified after histological review by an expert pathology panel. Gut 2015; 64: 700-706
  • 14 Duits LC, van der Wel MJ, Cotton CC. et al. Patients with Barrettʼs esophagus and confirmed persistent low-grade dysplasia are at increased risk for progression to neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 993-1001
  • 15 Phoa KN, van Vilsteren FG, Weusten BL. et al. Radiofrequency ablation vs. endoscopic surveillance for patients with Barrett esophagus and low-grade dysplasia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 311: 1209-1217
  • 16 Ell C, May A, Gossner L. et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection of early cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 670-677
  • 17 Pech O, May A, Manner H. et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for patients with mucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 2014; 146: 652-660
  • 18 Pech O, Behrens A, May A. et al. Long-term results and risk factor analysis for recurrence after curative endoscopic therapy in 349 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs oesophagus. Gut 2008; 57: 1200-1206
  • 19 Manner H, Rabenstein T, Braun K. et al. Ablation of residual Barrettʼs epithelium after endoscopic resection: a randomized long-term follow-up study of argon plasma coagulation vs. surveillance (APE study). Endoscopy 2014; 46: 6-12
  • 20 Phoa KN, Pouw RE, Bisschops R. et al. Multimodality endoscopic eradication for neoplastic Barrett oesophagus: results of an European multicentre study (EURO-II). Gut 2016; 65: 555-562
  • 21 Manner H, Pech O, Heldmann Y. et al. Efficiacy, safety and long-term results of endoscopic treatment for early-stage adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with low-risk sm1 invasion. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 630-635
  • 22 May A, Gossner L, Pech O. et al. Local endoscopic therapy for intraepithelial high-grade neoplasia and early adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs esophagus: acute phase and intermediate results of a new treatment approach. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 14: 1085-1091
  • 23 Pimentel-Nunes P, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Ponchon T. et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2015; 47: 829-854
  • 24 Terheggen G, Horn EM, Vieth M. et al. A randomised trial of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for early Barrettʼs neoplasia. Gut 2017; 66: 783-793 doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310126
  • 25 Orman ES, Li N, Shaheen NJ. Efficacy and durability of radiofrequency ablation for Barrettʼs esophagus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 1245-1255
  • 26 Desai M, Saligram S, Gupta N. et al. Efficacy and safety outcomes of multimodal endoscopic eradication therapy in Barrettʼs esophagus-related neoplasia: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 85: 482-495.e4
  • 27 Wang W, Ma Z. Steroid administration is effective to prevent strictures after endoscopic esophageal submucosal dissection: A network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94: e1664
  • 28 Yang J, Wang X, Li Y. et al. Efficacy and safety of steroid in the prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A network meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34: 985-995