Viruserkrankungen der Reptilien in der tierärztlichen Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Viren können bei Reptilien bedeutende Krankheitserreger sein. In den letzten Jahren wurden auch zunehmend neue Viren bei Reptilien beschrieben. Zudem gibt es immer mehr Möglichkeiten, Virusinfektionen bei Reptilien nachzuweisen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel bietet einen Überblick über häufige und bedeutende Virusinfektionen bei Reptilien, die damit assoziierten Krankheiten sowie deren Diagnose. Besprochen werden v. a. Infektionen bei Reptilien, die häufig als Haustiere gehalten werden: Schlangen und Echsen (Squamaten) sowie Land- und Wasserschildkröten. Themen bei den Squamaten sind die insbesondere bei Bartagamen (Pogona vitticeps) extrem häufig vorkommenden Adenoviren, ferner Paramyxo- und Tobaniviren (auch als Nido- oder Serpentoviren bekannt), die insbesondere bei verschiedenen Schlangenspezies schwere Atemwegserkrankungen verursachen können. Weitere Abschnitte beschäftigen sich mit Reptarenaviren, die die Einschlusskörperchenkrankheit („inclusion body disease“, IBD) der Boas und Pythons auslösen, sowie mit den v. a. bei verschiedenen Echsenspezies beschriebenen Iridoviren (inklusive der Rana-, Invertebraten-Irido- und Hemocytiviren). Bei den Schildkröten werden die Herpesviren der Land- und Wasserschildkröten separat diskutiert, ferner die vorkommenden Rana- und Picornaviren. Vertreter aller 3 dieser Virusfamilien können neben Erkrankungen des oberen Respirations- und Verdauungstrakts andere klinische Veränderungen hervorrufen (z. B. schwere Panzererweichung bei juvenilen Landschildkröten durch Picornaviren).

Abstract

Viruses are the cause of several important diseases in reptiles. In recent years, numerous novel reptile-infecting viruses have been discovered. There are also an increasing number of tests available for detecting viral infections in these animals. This review offers an overview of common and important viral infections in reptiles, the associated diseases as well as their diagnosis. Specific viruses presented include those infecting reptiles commonly kept as pets, specifically squamates (snakes and lizards), turtles, and tortoises. In this context, the review includes the adenoviruses, which are particularly common in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). The paramyxoviruses and tobaniviruses (also known as nidoviruses or serpentoviruses) are likewise discussed, both of which may cause severe respiratory disease foremost in various snake species. Reptarenaviruses, the causative agents of inclusion body disease (IBD) in boas and pythons are discussed as well. The squamate viruses listed also encompass the iridoviruses including the ranaviruses, invertebrate iridoviruses, and hemocytiviruses, all of which are, amongst others, found in various lizard species. For the chelonians, herpesviruses of tortoises and turtles are discussed separately, followed by the ranaviruses and picornaviruses, all of which have been associated with upper respiratory and upper digestive tract disease, but can also cause other clinical signs, such as picornavirus-induced severe softening of the shell in juvenile tortoises.

Schlüsselwörter

Echse - Schildkröte - Schlange - Herpesviren - Nidoviren - Reptarenaviren

Key words

Lizard - snake - tortoise - turtle - herpesviruses - nidoviruses - reptarenaviruses

Publication History

Received: 30 October 2019

Accepted: 17 February 2020

Article published online:
23 April 2020

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