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Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2021; 49(01): 21-29
DOI: 10.1055/a-1306-3331
Original Article

Xylazine or detomidine in dairy calves: a comparison of clinically relevant pharmacodynamic parameters under sedation

Xylazin versus Detomidin bei Milchkälbern – ein Vergleich klinisch relevanter pharmakodynamischer Parameter unter Sedation
Claudia Gittel
1   Department for Horses, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
2   Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
,
Walter Brehm
1   Department for Horses, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
,
Maike Wippern
1   Department for Horses, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
,
Susanne Roth
1   Department for Horses, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
3   Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
,
Aline Hillmann
3   Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
,
Alef Michaele
4   Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract

Objective Chemical restraint in dairy calves is necessary to enable diagnostic and surgical procedures. It is unclear whether xylazine or detomidine differ with regard to desirable and unwanted effects.

Material and methods In a prospective randomized interventional study, 10 healthy Holstein-Friesian calves (age range 3–6 month) were sedated with either xylazine (0.1 mg/kg, Group X, n = 5) or detomidine (0.03 mg/kg, Group D, n = 5) intravenously, followed by butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg i. v.) in all animals. Characteristics of sedation and selected pharmacodynamic parameters were compared between groups using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.

Results All calves (5/5) in Group X and (3/5) calves in Group D became laterally recumbent within 5 minutes. Two calves (40 %) in Group D remained standing and could not been positioned in lateral recumbency 15 minutes after initial administration of the sedation agents. Sedation scores, onset and duration of sedation did not differ between groups. Heart and respiratory rate decreased in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was with around 30 mmHg significantly higher in Group D (t25, t30, t35, t40 with p = 0.018, 0.036, 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). In Group X, glucose level (t60) and packed cell volume (t30) were significantly lower (p = 0.032 and 0.048, respectively).

Conclusion and clinical relevance The xylazine-butorphanol combination provided reliable recumbent chemical restraint. With detomidine-butorphanol recumbency failed in some individuals, but a sufficient clinical sedation was achieved. Based on the limited monitoring used in this study, the side effects are of minor clinical relevance in healthy individuals.

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel Diagnostische und chirurgische Eingriffe erfordern eine medikamentöse Ruhigstellung von Milchkälbern. Unklar ist, inwiefern sich Xylazin und Detomidin in Bezug auf ihre erwünschten und unerwünschten Wirkungen unterscheiden.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen dieser prospektiven, randomisierten, interventionellen Studie wurden 10 gesunde Holstein-Kälber (Altersbereich 3–6 Monate) untersucht. Die intravenöse Sedation der Tiere erfolgte mit Xylazin (0,1 mg/kg, Gruppe X, n = 5) oder Detomidin (0,03 mg/kg, Gruppe D, n = 5). Anschließend erhielten alle Tiere Butorphanol (0,1 mg/kg i. v.). Neben Sedationscharakteristika wurden ausgewählte pharmakodynamische Parameter zwischen den Gruppen mit einem nicht parametrischen Mann-Whitney U Test verglichen.

Ergebnisse Alle Kälber (5/5) der Gruppe X und (3/5) Kälbern der Gruppe D legten sich innerhalb von 5 Minuten nieder. Zwei Kälber (40 %) der Gruppe D blieben stehen und konnten auch 15 Minuten nach Verabreichung der initialen Sedierung nicht in Seitenlage verbracht werden. Hinsichtlich Sedationscore, Beginn und Dauer der Sedation konnten keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen festgestellt werden. Herz- und Atemfrequenz waren in beiden Gruppen während der Sedation vermindert. Der mittlere arterielle Blutdruck lag in Gruppe D um etwa 30 mmHg und damit signifikant höher (Zeitpunkt t25, t30, t35, t40; p = 0,018, 0,036, 0,029 bzw. 0,016). In Gruppe X ergaben sich signifikant niedrigere Blutglukose- (t60, p = 0,032) und Hämatokritwerte (t30, 0,048).

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Kombination von Xylazin und Butorphanol bewirkte eine verlässliche medikamentöse Ruhigstellung und ein Niederlegen der Tiere. Mit Detomidin-Butorphanol hingegen ließ sich bei einigen Kälbern trotz ausreichender klinischer Sedationstiefe kein Niederlegen erzielen. Nebenwirkungen dieser Medikamente, die im Rahmen dieser Studie mit eingeschränktem Monitoring beobachtet werden konnten, haben bei gesunden Individuen geringe klinische Relevanz.

Key words

Alpha2-agonist - bone marrow aspiration - bovine - glucose - recumbency

Schlüsselwörter

Alpha2-Agonist - bovin - Glukose - Knochenmarkaspiration - Niederlegen

Supplementary material

    Supplemental Material is available under https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1306-3331
  • Zusatzmaterial


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 09. März 2020

Angenommen: 15. Juli 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
15. Februar 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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