Lungenultraschall in der Neonatologie zur Diagnostik eines Pneumothorax (Teil 1): Eine Evidenzanalyse – Zeit für einen neuen Goldstandard

Zusammenfassung

Der Lungenultraschall ist eine in der Notfallmedizin gut erforschte Untersuchungsmethode. Der Pneumothoraxausschluss mithilfe des Lungenultraschalls ist in den letzten Jahren auch bei Neugeborenen intensiv erforscht worden. Es wurden standardisierte Untersuchungsalgorithmen und unstrittige pathognomonische Untersuchungsbefunde veröffentlicht. Im Vergleich zum etablierten diagnostischen Standardverfahren, der Röntgenthoraxaufnahme, bietet der Lungenultraschall eine Reihe von Vorteilen, wobei der Verzicht auf ionisierende Strahlung und die rasche Diagnosestellung bei exzellenter Sensitivität und vergleichbarer Spezifität herausstechen. Der Lungenultraschall leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität in der neonatologischen Intensivmedizin. Wir sehen daher die Nutzung des Lungenultraschalls als neues Standardverfahren in der Pneumothoraxdiagnostik beim Neugeborenen an.

Abstract

Lung ultrasound is a well-studied diagnostic procedure in emergency medicine. Over the last several years, international research groups have investigated the role of lung ultrasound to evaluate neonatal respiratory diseases. Specific diagnostic algorithms and key features of a neonatal pneumothorax have been released. Compared to X-ray examination, lung ultrasound has many advantages, such as faster diagnostic time, lack of exposure to ionizing radiation, and excellent sensitivity and specificity. Thus, lung ultrasound contributes to the improvement of medical healthcare in the neonatal intensive care unit. We consider the use of lung ultrasound as a new standard procedure to diagnose a pneumothorax in neonatology.

Schlüsselwörter

Neonatologie - Pneumothorax - POCUS - Lungenultraschall

Key words

neonatology - pneumothorax - POCUS - lung ultrasound

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