Okuläre Thelaziose bei einem Hund in Deutschland – ein autochthoner Fall?

Zusammenfassung

Thelazia callipaeda, ein von Phortica spp. (Fruchtfliegen) übertragener Nematode, verursacht bei Hunden, Katzen, Hasenartigen und Menschen eine milde bis schwere Konjunktivitis und Keratitis. Er war aufgrund seines Vorkommens lange Zeit als orientalischer Augenwurm bekannt, ist aber inzwischen in vielen süd- und osteuropäischen Ländern endemisch und breitet sich zunehmend in Europa aus. Bei einer aufgrund von therapieresistenter Konjunktivitis überwiesenen Hündin wurden bei der ophthalmologischen Untersuchung 3 adulte Augenwürmer im Konjunktivalsack und auf der bulbären Seite der Nickhaut des linken Auges gefunden. Diese ließen sich mittels morphologischer Merkmale und molekulargenetischer Techniken als T. callipaeda identifizieren und stellten die Ursache für unilateralen Blepharospasmus, hyperämische Konjunktiven und Epiphora dar. Die Therapie erfolgte durch Absammeln der Würmer und Applikation von Moxidectin/Imidacloprid als Spot-on-Präparat (Advocate^®, Bayer). Sämtliche klinischen Symptome verschwanden innerhalb 1 Woche nach Therapiebeginn. In Deutschland ist die okuläre Thelaziose immer noch eine selten auftretende Erkrankung. Bei den meisten Patienten handelt es sich um Hunde und Katzen, die entweder aus dem Ausland importiert wurden oder sich auf Auslandsreisen infiziert haben. Die hier vorgestellte Hündin wurde dagegen in Deutschland geboren und hatte außer 1 Woche Auslandsaufenthalt in den Niederlanden, 15 Monate vor Beginn der Symptome, Deutschland nie verlassen. Aufgrund der Präpatenz von T. callipaeda handelt es sich daher höchstwahrscheinlich um eine autochthone Infektion.

Abstract

Thelazia callipaeda is a vector-borne nematode transmitted by Phortica spp. (fruit flies) and one of the causes of mild to severe conjunctivitis and keratitis in dogs, cats, rabbits and humans. It has been formerly known as the oriental eye worm based on its geographic occurrence. By now, it has been shown to be endemic in several southern and eastern European countries as well as extending its geographic distribution further throughout Europe. In the present case report, T. callipaeda infection was diagnosed in a female dog from Germany. The dog was referred by a local veterinarian due to a treatment-resistant conjunctivitis. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination revealed 3 adult eye worms in the conjunctival sac as well as on the bulbar side of the nictitating membrane of the left eye. These were identified by morphological features and molecular techniques as T. callipaeda and represented the primary cause of the dog’s unilateral blepharospasm, hyperemic conjunctiva and epiphora. Treatment consisted of manual collection of the adult worms and the administration of moxidectin/imidacloprid as spot on (Advocate^®, Bayer). All clinical signs resolved within one week after treatment. In Germany, ocular thelaziosis still represents a rare disease. Usually, it is diagnosed in cats and dogs either imported from abroad or accompanying the owners on holiday travels to endemic countries. The dog presented in this case report was born in Germany. Except for a one-week stay in the Netherlands 11 months before the symptoms began, it had never traveled abroad. Considering the prepatency of T. callipaeda, an autochthonous transmission in this case is highly probable.

Schlüsselwörter

Konjunktivitis - Keratitis - Thelazia callipaeda - Phortica variegata

Key words

Conjunctivitis - keratitis - Thelazia callipaeda - Phortica variegata

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 08. April 2020

Angenommen: 14. Juli 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
15. Februar 2021

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