Nachweis von relevanten Veränderungen der Sprechstimme bei Frauen, gemessen im Sprechstimmprofil

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Eine gesunde Stimme dient uns als Basis für Kommunikation und unverzichtbares Werkzeug in einer modernen Gesellschaft mit einer wachsenden Anzahl an stimmintensiven Berufen. Es gibt Hinweise, dass sich die mittlere Sprechstimmlage von Frauen in den letzten Jahren gesenkt hat und sich im Sinne einer Soziophonie der von Männern annähert. Im Rahmen einer epidemiologischen prospektiven Kohortenstudie sollen die Einflüsse des Alters, soziodemografischer Faktoren und von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen auf die Sprechstimme von Frauen untersucht werden.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen eines standardisierten Untersuchungsablaufs wurde bei 2478 stimmgesunden weiblichen Teilnehmerinnen zwischen 5 und 83 Jahren die Sprechstimme in 4 unterschiedlichen Intensitätsstufen (leiseste Stimme, Gesprächsstimme, Vortragsstimme und Rufstimme) registriert. Anschließend wurden Assoziationen zwischen den erhobenen Werten für die Frequenz und Lautstärke der unterschiedlichen Intensitätsstufen und dem Lebensalter sowie Befunden aus Fragebögen zur Persönlichkeit (FFFK und BFI-10), zur (mentalen) Gesundheit (Patient-Health-Questionnaire, PHQ) sowie dem sozioökonomischen Status (SES) untersucht.

Ergebnisse Es konnten für alle Stimmintensitäten signifikante altersbedingte Einflüsse auf die Sprechstimme gezeigt werden. Für die untersuchten Persönlichkeitsmerkmale zeigten sich signifikant positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der Lautstärke der Ruf- und Vortragsstimme und Extraversion. Für die Frequenz der leisesten Stimme und Gesprächsstimme ergaben sich signifikante Zusammenhänge mit den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen Extraversion und Verträglichkeit. Während sich bei der Betrachtung der Stimmparameter der Sprechstimme mit dem PHQ keine signifikanten Assoziationen beobachten ließen, zeigte sich, dass der SES einen signifikanten Einfluss sowohl auf die Frequenz als auch auf die Intensität hat.

Schlussfolgerung Neben altersbedingten Veränderungen bestätigen sich relevante Einflüsse von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und dem SES auf Parameter der Sprechstimme der Frau, die in der klinischen Betreuung von Patientinnen mit Stimmstörungen Berücksichtigung finden sollten.

Abstract

Background A healthy voice serves us as a basis for communication and an indispensable tool in a modern society with a growing number of vocal-intensive professions. There are indications that the average frequency of the speaking voice of women has decreased in recent years and is approaching that of men in the sense of sociophony. An epidemiological prospective cohort study will investigate the influences of age, personality traits and socio-demographic factors on the speaking voice of women.

Material and methods Within the framework of a standardized examination procedure, the speaking voice of 2478 voice-healthy female participants between 5 and 83 years of age was registered in 4 different intensity levels (softest voice, conversational voice, classroom voice and shouting voice). Subsequently, the collected values for frequency and loudness of the different intensity levels were examined for correlation with age and results from questionnaires on personality (FFFK and BFI-10), on (mental) health (Patient-Health-Questionnaire – PHQ) and on socio-economic status (SES).

Results Significant age-related influences on the speaking voice could be demonstrated for all voice intensities. For the personality traits investigated, significant positive correlations between the volume of the calling and speaking voice and extraversion were found. For the frequency of the softest voice and speaking voice, significant correlations were found for the personality traits of extraversion and tolerance. While no significant associations were found between the voice parameters of the speaking voice and the PHQ, it was found that the SES has a significant influence on both frequency and intensity.

Conclusion In addition to age-related changes, relevant influences of personality traits and the SES on speaking voice parameters in women were confirmed, which should be considered in clinical care of dysphonia.

Schlüsselwörter

weibliche Stimme - sozioökonomischer Status - Soziophonie - mittlere Sprechstimmlage - Persönlichkeit

Key words

female voice - speaking voice - personality - sociophony - socioeconomic status

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