Ein Überblick über die Osteoimmunologie

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Osteoimmunologie beschreibt die Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Immunsystem und dem Knochenstoffwechsel. Besonders bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind die Auswirkungen der Osteoimmunologie gut ersichtlich, da viele entzündliche rheumatische Erkrankungen mit lokalen Knochenerosionen und Osteoporose einhergehen. Die Zellen des Immunsystems, welche die chronische Entzündung aufrechterhalten, führen gleichzeitig zu einer Stimulation der Osteoklastogenese und somit der Knochenresorption. Osteoblasten hingegen werden in ihrer Funktion unterdrückt und damit bleiben die knochenregenerativen Prozesse aus. Die Aufschlüsselung der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der Knochendestruktion ist aktuell Gegenstand intensiver Forschung und könnte zu neuen therapeutischen Strategien führen, um die Knochengesundheit bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen aufrechtzuerhalten. Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über das Feld der Osteoimmunologie und fokussiert insbesondere auf den Einfluss des Immunsystems auf die Knochenresorption.

SUMMARY

Osteoimmunology describes the interaction between the bone and immune systems. Rheumatic diseases in particular are prototypical osteoimmunological diseases as the chronic inflammatory processes lead to profound local and systemic bone destruction. Cells of the immune system, which drive chronic inflammation, also stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption and concomitantly inhibit osteoblast function and bone regeneration, thus leading to bone loss. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of osteoimmunology is of great scientific and medical interest and will aid in identifying new targets to maintain bone health in affected patients. This review gives an overview of the field of osteoimmunology with a focus on mechanisms leading to enhanced bone resorption.

Schlüsselwörter

Osteoimmunologie - rheumatoide Arthritis - Parodontitis - Knochenverlust - Zytokine - Osteoklasten

Keywords

Osteoimmunology - rheumatoid arthritis - parodontitis - bone loss - cytokines - osteoclasts

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