Sakrumfrakturen – Epidemiologie und Diagnostik

Zusammenfassung

Bei Sakrumfrakturen finden sich zwei Häufigkeitsgipfel: Einerseits das hochenergetische Trauma des jungen Erwachsenen, zumeist mit Begleitverletzungen verbunden, andererseits geriatrische Frakturen mit niederenergetischem oder nicht erinnerlichem Trauma. Hieraus ergibt sich auch die Anwendung unterschiedlicher Klassifikationen.

Hochenergetische Verletzungen werden zumeist im Rahmen einer CT Polytraumaspirale abgeklärt. Fragilitätsfrakturen, die aufgrund demographischer Entwicklungen zunehmen, birgen hingegen diagnostische Herausforderungen. Das Spektrum eingesetzter Diagnostika reicht hier von konventioneller Röntgendiagnostik bis zu Ödem-sensitiven Nachweisverfahren wie Kernspintomographie und Dual-Energy-Computer-Tomographie, wobei ein konsentierter Standard bislang nicht etabliert ist.

Abstract

There are two peaks in sacral fractures: On the one hand the high energy trauma of the young adult, mostly associated with accompanying injuries, on the other hand geriatric fractures with low energy or non rememberable trauma. Therefore different classifications are established. For high energy injuries mostly computer tomography (CT) polytrauma scan is used. Fragility fractures, which are increasing due to demographic developments, pose diagnostic challenges. The spectrum of diagnostics used extends from conventional X-ray diagnostics to edema-sensitive detection methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual energy computer tomography (DECT). A standard has not yet been established so far.

Schlüsselwörter

Sakrum - Epidemiologie - Diagnostik - Beckenringfraktur - Fragilitätsfraktur

Keywords

Sacrum - Epidemiology - Diagnostics - Pelvic Fracture - Fragility Fracture

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