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Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100(05): 344-354
DOI: 10.1055/a-1397-0754
Leitlinien und Empfehlungen

Allergische Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfungen – Was HNO-Ärzte wissen sollten – Teil 1: Immunologische Grundlagen von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, Immunmechanismen von allergischen und pseudoallergischen Reaktionen; Teil 2: Charakteristika der mRNA-Impfstoffe BNT162b2- und mRNA-1273 zur Prophylaxe von COVID-19 und assoziierte Immunphänomene; Teil 3: Praktische Aspekte der Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie von Allergien auf COVID-19-Impfstoffe

L. Klimek
1   Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden
,
A. M. Chaker
2   HNO-Klinik und Zentrum für Allergie und Umwelt, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
,
M. Cuevas
3   Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, TU Dresden
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Zusammenfassung

Obwohl allergische Reaktionen auf mRNA-COVID-19-Impfstoffe selten sind, ist durch die hohe Zahl der durchzuführenden Impfungen mit Anaphylaxien bei Personen zu rechnen, die zuvor auf Impfstoffkomponenten sensibilisiert wurden. Dargelegt werden hier praktische Aspekte zu diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, zur Prävention, zum Erkennen und zur Therapie einer anaphylaktischen Reaktion. Risikopopulationen, die nicht geimpft werden sollten oder die eine allergologische Abklärung vor Impfung benötigen, werden besprochen. Patienten mit Allergien des atopischen Formenkreises sowie Insektengiftallergiker zeigen aus allergologischer Sicht kein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Anaphylaxie durch eine COVID-Impfung.

Abstract

Allergic reactions against mRNA COVID-19 vaccine are yet uncommon, but due to the high number of people who get this vaccination anaphylaxis will be seen. This is especially so in people who are sensitized to components of the vaccine. This article focuses on practical aspects of diagnostic possibilities, prevention, recognition and therapy of anaphylactic reactions. High-risk population, who should not get vaccinated; as well as people who need allergy diagnostics before vaccinations are discussed. In opinion of allergy experts patients with atopic allergies or venom allergies do not have a higher risk regarding anaphylaxic reaction due to COVID vaccination.

Schlüsselwörter

Anaphylaxie - Allergie - Impfung - Therapie - COVID-19

Key words

anaphylaxis - allergy - vaccination - therapy - COVID-19


Publication History

Article published online:
08 March 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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