Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 2021; 31(06): 393-402
DOI: 10.1055/a-1617-4339
Original Article

The Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain Characteristics, and Activity Levels of Caregivers During the Rehabilitation Process and the Consequences on Sleep Condition, Health Status, and Quality of Life

Muskuloskelettale Einschränkungen, Schmerzcharakteristik und Aktivitätsniveau bei Pflegenden und Auswirkungen auf den Schlaf, Gesundheitsstatus und Lebensqualität
Ayça Uran Şan
1   Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Ankara Gaziler Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey)
,
Ahmet Onur Çakiryilmaz
1   Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Ankara Gaziler Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey)
,
Sinem Uyar Köylü
1   Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Ankara Gaziler Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey)
,
Tuğba Atan
1   Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Ankara Gaziler Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey)
,
Serdar Kesikburun
1   Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Ankara Gaziler Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey)
,
Ümüt Güzelküçük
1   Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Ankara Gaziler Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey)
,
Arif Kenan Tan
1   Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Ankara Gaziler Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey)
› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Objective Taking care of a patient can significantly impact both physical and psychological statuses of caregivers. This study aimed to examine musculoskeletal problems, health status, and quality of life of caregivers. This study is novel in determining musculoskeletal disorders, pain characteristics, activity levels, sleep condition, general and psychological health statuses, and quality of life of caregivers.

Design A cross-sectional study

Patients and Methods A total of 240 participants were enrolled in this prospective and cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary rehabilitation center (patients, n = 120; caregivers, n = 120). The demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded during the evaluation process. The Functional Ambulation Classification Scale (FAS) and Barthel Scale scores of the patients were determined. The pain level of the caregivers was evaluated according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)–short form was used to evaluate caregivers’ activity levels. The quality of life of caregivers was evaluated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Scales score (WHOQOL-BREF). The anxiety and depression status of the caregivers were interpreted using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, The health level of the caregivers was evaluated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire.

Results A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the duration of caregiving (hours per week) and the pain duration of the caregiver (month) (P = 0.000, r = 0.766). the caregivers who provided longer-term care for their patients (hours per week) had higher VAS scores (P = 0.000, r = 0.944). A significant reverse correlation was found between the duration of caregiving (hours per week) and IPAQ-Walking MET (metabolic equivalent) scores (minutes/week) (P = 0.000, r = –0.811). On the contrary, a positive significant association was detected between the duration of caregiving (hours per week) and IPAQ-Vigorous MET scores (minutes/week) due to the caregiving activities of the patients such as lifting, positioning, and so forth. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of caregiving (hours per week) and Hospital Depression Scale scores (P = 0.000, r = 0.394), Hospital Anxiety Scale scores (P = 0.000, r = 0.548), and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (P = 0.000, r = 0.415).

Conclusion Providing protective exercise programs, including walking activity, to caregivers and organizing education programs that include caregiving techniques can positively affect the quality of life of caregivers.

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung Die Pflege eines Patienten kann sowohl den physischen als auch den psychischen Zustand der Pflegenden erheblich beeinträchtigen. Ziele dieser Studie sind die Untersuchungen der muskuloskelettalen Probleme, des Gesundheitszustandes und der Lebensqualität der Pflegenden. Diese neuartige Studie ermittelt muskuloskelettale Beschwerden, Schmerzcharakteristika, Aktivitätsniveau, Schlafzustand, allgemeinen und psychologischen Gesundheitszustand und Lebensqualität der Pflegenden.

Design eine Querschnittsstudie

Patienten und Methoden Für diese an einem tertiären Rehabilitationszentrum durchgeführte prospektive und querschnittliche Studie wurden insgesamt 240 Teilnehmer eingeschlossen (Patienten, n=120; Pfleger, n=120). Die demografischen und klinischen Eigenschaften der Teilnehmer wurden während des Auswertungsprozesses erfasst. Die Werte der funktionellen Ambulanzskala (FAS) und der Barthel-Skala der Patienten sind erfasst worden. Das Schmerzniveau der Pflegekräfte wurde gemäß der Visual Analog Scale (VAS) bewertet. Zur Bewertung des Aktivitätsniveaus der Pfleger wurde der IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire)-Kurzform verwendet. Die Lebensqualität des Pflegepersonals wurde mit dem WHOQOL-BREF-Score (World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Scales) bewertet. Der Angst-und Depressionsstatus des Pflegepersonals wurde mit der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale interpretiert, der Gesundheitszustand des Pflegepersonals wurde mit dem Health Assessment Questionnaire erfasst,

Ergebnisse Es wurde ein statistisch signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauer der Pflege (Stunden pro Woche) und der Schmerzdauer (Monat) festgestellt (p=0,000, r=0,766). Pflegekräfte, die ihre Patienten länger pflegten (Stunden pro Woche), hatten höhere VAS-Werte (p=0,000, r=0,944). Es wurde eine signifikante inverse Korrelation zwischen der Betreuungsdauer (Stunden pro Woche) und den IPAQ Walking MET (metabolisches Äquivalent) Scores (Minuten/Woche) gefunden (p=0,000, r=− 0,811). Andererseits wurde ein positiver signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauer der Pflege (Stunden pro Woche) und den IPAQ-Vigorous MET-Scores (Minuten/Woche) aufgrund der Pflegetätigkeiten der Patienten wie Heben, Positionieren usw. festgestellt. Darüber hinaus wurde eine signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen der Dauer der Pflege (Stunden pro Woche) und den Werten der Hospital Depression Scale (p=0,000, r=0,394), der Hospital Anxiety Scale (p=0,000, r=0,548) und dem Health Assessment Questionnaire (p=0,000, r=0,415) festgestellt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Bereitstellung von protektiven Aktivitätsprogrammen, einschließlich Spaziergängen, für Pflegende und die Organisation von Schulungsprogrammen, die Pflegetechniken einschließen, können die Lebensqualität von Pflegenden positiv beeinflussen.



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 30. Mai 2021

Angenommen: 27. August 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. September 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • References

  • 1 Uğur Ö. Onkoloji Hastasına Evde Bakım Verenlerin Bakım Yükünün İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: T C Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2006.
  • 2 Holden MK, Gill KM, Magliozzi MR, Nathan J, Piehl-Baker L. Clinical gait assessment in the neurologically impaired. Reliability and meaningfulness. Physical therapy 1984; 64: 35-40
  • 3 Collin C, Wade DT, Davies S, Horne V. The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study. International disability studies 1988; 10: 61-63
  • 4 Delgado DA, Lambert BS, Boutris N, McCulloch PC, Robbins AB, Moreno MR. et al. Validation of digital visual analog scale pain scoring with a traditional paper-based visual analog scale in adults. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global research & reviews 2018; 2: e088
  • 5 Keele KD. The pain chart. Lancet (London, England) 1948; 2: 6-8
  • 6 Booth M. Assessment of physical activity: An international perspective. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 2000; 71: 114-120
  • 7 Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group. Psychological medicine 1998; 28: 551-558
  • 8 Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 1983; 67: 361-370
  • 9 Fries JF, Spitz P, Kraines RG, Holman HR. Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism. 1980; 23: 137-145
  • 10 Shrout PE. Measurement reliability and agreement in psychiatry. Stat Methods Med Res 1998; 7: 301-317
  • 11 Bardak AN, Erhan B, Gündüz B. Low back pain among caregivers of spinal cord injured patients. Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2012; 44: 858-861
  • 12 Luis Villarejo A, Peña MAZ, Ponce GC. Sobrecarga y dolor percibido en cuidadoras de ancianos dependientes. Overload and pain in perceived caregivers of dependent elder: Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia; 2012
  • 13 Jeanfaivre V, Diviné C, Akalin MN, Anacharsis F, Montagne A, Le Parco JC. A survey of pain prevalence at Albert-Chenevier Hospital. Comparison of patient, caregivers and physician assessments. Annales de medecine interne 2003; 154: 499-508
  • 14 Vincent-Onabajo G, Daniel H, Lawan A, Ali MU, Masta MA, Modu A. Musculoskeletal symptoms among family caregivers of community-dwelling stroke survivors in Nigeria. Journal of caring sciences 2018; 7: 59-66
  • 15 Fagerström C, Elmståhl S, Wranker LS. Analyzing the situation of older family caregivers with a focus on health-related quality of life and pain: a cross-sectional cohort study. Health and quality of life outcomes 2020; 18: 79
  • 16 National Research Council Steering Committee for the workshop on work-related musculoskeletal injuries: The Research B. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Report, workshop summary, and workshop papers. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US) Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.; 1999
  • 17 Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, Mumford JE, Afshin A, Estep K. et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Bmj 2016; 354: i3857
  • 18 Taşkın G, Koz M, Gülşen M, Yemişci O, Akalan C. Does physical activity levels have effect on pain in patients undergoing physical therapy?. A survey study. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2018; 16: 237-244
  • 19 Kujala UM, Taimela S, Viljanen T. Leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms among adolescents. British journal of sports medicine 1999; 33: 325-328
  • 20 Kaleth AS, Saha CK, Jensen MP, Slaven JE, Ang DC. Effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity on long-term clinical outcomes and pain severity in fibromyalgia. Arthritis care & research 2013; 65: 1211-1218
  • 21 Majlesi J. patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain of 3-6-month duration already have low levels of health-related quality of life and physical activity. Current pain and headache reports 2019; 23: 81
  • 22 Heesch KC, van Uffelen JG, van Gellecum YR, Brown WJ. Dose-response relationships between physical activity, walking and health-related quality of life in mid-age and older women. Journal of epidemiology and community health 2012; 66: 670-677
  • 23 Gao C, Chapagain NY, Scullin MK. Sleep duration and sleep quality in caregivers of patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA network open 2019; 2: e199891
  • 24 Can İ, Tekşan H, İzgi A. Assessment of sleep, profıle of mood states and caregıver burden in caregivers of home care patients. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences 2020; 6: 211-221
  • 25 Shilna Rani P, Purusotham C. Effect of caregiver education on quality of life and burden among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: A quasi experimental study. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 2019; 10
  • 26 Hong SE, Kim CH, Kim EJ, Joa KL, Kim TH, Kim SK. et al. Effect of a caregiver's education program on stroke rehabilitation. Annals of rehabilitation medicine 2017; 41: 16-24