Problematische und pathologische Bindungsphänomene im Zusammenhang mit internetbezogenen Störungen

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Ziel Das systematische Review untersucht, ob problematische und pathologische Bindungsphänomene bei der Entwicklung internetbezogener Störungen von Bedeutung sind.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zum Thema Bindung und internetbezogene Störungen in PubMed und PsychINFO wurden klinische und subklinische Studienergebnisse seit 2010 gesichtet, bewertet und in eine Übersicht gebracht.

Ergebnisse Aus 917 in die Vorauswahl aufgenommenen Studien wurden 40 Studien mit 33 389 Teilnehmenden im Alter zwischen 8 und 80 Jahren in das Review eingeschlossen und kritisch bewertet. Sie dokumentieren, dass Bindungsstörungen bei der internetbezogenen Störung allgemein sowie bei 3 spezifischen Varianten – Computerspiel-Typ, Online-Sex-Typ und Sozialer-Netzwerk-Typ – eine Rolle spielen.

Diskussion Wie bei anderen Suchterkrankungen auch ist zu vermuten, dass eine internetbezogene Störung unter anderem auf ein Fehlen früher Halt und Sicherheit gebender Bindungserfahrungen zurückgeht. Zukünftige Forschung sollte sich zudem mit der Frage befassen, inwieweit eine primär exzessive digitale Mediennutzung auf Seiten der Eltern und Kinder gleichsam zur Entwicklung von Bindungsstörungen beitragen könnte.

ABSTRACT

Aims The systematic review deals with the question, whether attachment disorders are relevant concerning the development of Internet related disorders.

Methods A systematic literature research has been performed in PubMed and PsychINFO concerning the terms attachment and Internet (use disorders) generating both, clinical and subclinical study results. The studies were examined, sorted, and brought into an overview.

Results From 917 pre-selected studies, 40 studies with a total of 33 389 participants aged 8 to 80 years were included in the review and critically appraised. They document that attachment disorders play a role in patients with Internet related disorders in general and in the three most important specific subtypes in terms of the overuse of video games, online-sex-applications, and social networking sites.

Discussion As in substance related disorders it is reasonable to assume that Internet related disorders may stem from a lack of supportive and securing experiences of attachment. Future research should deal also with the question, whether primary excessive digital media use of parents and children may lead to attachment disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Bindung - Internet - internetbezogene Störungen - systematisches Review

Key words

Attachment - internet - internet related disorders - systematic review

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