Berührungsmedizin – ein komplementärer therapeutischer Ansatz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Depressionsbehandlung

Zusammenfassung

Haut-zu-Haut-Berührung stellt die ursprünglichste Sinneserfahrung von Mensch und Tier dar. Ein Mangel an Berührung in der Kindheit ist mit negativen Folgen für die psychosoziale und körperliche Gesundheit verbunden. Für die Entdeckung von Rezeptoren für Temperatur und Berührung im Körper wurde 2021 der Medizin-Nobelpreis verliehen. Klinische Studien belegen den Nutzen von professionellen Berührungstechniken zur Prävention und Therapie verschiedener Erkrankungen. Der breiten Anwendung einer professionellen Berührungstherapie gilt jedoch bis heute nur ein geringes klinisches Interesse. Wir schlagen eine neue Fachdisziplin der „Berührungsmedizin“ vor und spannen nachstehend einen Bogen zwischen den Erkenntnissen moderner Berührungsforschung und der klinischen Medizin. Exemplarisch steht dabei die Behandlung der primär als Leibkrankheit konzipierten Depression im Vordergrund. Kontrollierte Studien und systematische Übersichten belegen die antidepressive, anxiolytische sowie analgetische Wirksamkeit spezieller Massagetechniken in dieser Indikation. Auch für die Neonatologie, Pädiatrie, Schmerzmedizin, Onkologie und Geriatrie konnte die Wirksamkeit heilsamer Berührung gezeigt werden. Die jeweiligen Wirkmechanismen werden auf verschiedenen Konstrukt-Ebenen diskutiert. Im Vordergrund des internationalen Forschungsinteresses stehen derzeit das Interozeptionskonzept, zum anderen endokrinologische, z. B. oxytocinerge Effekte und die Aktivierung sog. CT-Afferenzen.

Abstract

Skin-to-skin-contact presents the earliest sensory experience of men and animals. Deprivation of age-relevant touch experiences during infancy results in compromised psychosocial and biological development. The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded for the discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. Clinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of professional salutary touch for prevention and treatment of various illnesses. However, in the present practice of medicine the application of salutary touch does not meet adequate interest. Proposing a new medical discipline “Touch Medicine” we link the findings of modern touch research to clinical medicine. The treatment of depression which we conceive primarily as a disease afflicting the body will serve as an example to demonstrate the usefulness of touch therapy. Controlled studies and systematic reviews have convincingly shown antidepressive, anxiolytic and analgesic effects of salutary touch. The effectiveness and efficacy of touch therapy has also been demonstrated in many areas such as neonatology, pediatrics, oncology, and geriatrics. We discuss the underlying mechanisms on various explanatory levels including interoceptive and oxytocinergic mechanisms as well as the role of C tactile afferent nerve fibers.

Schlüsselwörter

Berührungsmedizin - Heilsame Berührung - Depression - Frühgeborene - Interozeption - Oxytocin - CT-Afferenzen - Psychoaktive Massage

Key words

touch medicine - salutary touch - depression - pre-term infants - interoception - oxytocin - CT afferents - psychoactive massage therapy

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