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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Neuropediatrics 2022; 53(04): 239-245
DOI: 10.1055/a-1754-1142
Original Article

High Incidence of Hippocampal Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Takenori Natsume
1   Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
,
Yuji Inaba
1   Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
2   Division of Neuropediatrics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
3   Life Science Research Center, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
,
Yoshihiro Osawa
1   Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
,
Tetsuhiro Fukuyama 
1   Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number: JP16K09986).
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Abstract

Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection exhibits polymicrogyria, intracranial calcification, white matter lesions, and several types of intracranial lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to various developmental disorders and epilepsies. However, little is known on the presence of hippocampal abnormality in this affliction. The aim of this study is to clarify the incidence of hippocampal abnormality in congenital CMV infection.

Methods Seventeen children diagnosed as having congenital CMV infection along with 17 age-matched pediatric controls were retrospectively evaluated by brain MRI and clinical review. The measurement data were obtained from conventional coronal sections in this retrospective study. Hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL) was defined as a hippocampal diameter ratio (i.e., the ratio of the height and width of the hippocampus) of >0.92.

Results Hippocampal diameter ratios were significantly higher in the congenital CMV infection group (0.99 [range: 0.70–1.58] on the right side and 0.85 [range: 0.66–1.39] on the left side) than in controls (0.71 [range: 0.58–0.91] and 0.70 [range: 0.50–1.00], respectively). HIMAL was present in 17 of 34 hippocampi (50%) in the congenital CMV infection group and 1 of 34 hippocampi (2.9%) in controls. No correlations were detected between HIMAL and intelligence quotient/developmental quotient or the occurrences of autism spectrum disorder or epilepsy.

Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate the incidence of hippocampal abnormality to be significantly higher in congenital CMV infection patients than in age-matched controls. Further study is necessary to clarify the associations of HIMAL with other clinical and developmental features.

Keywords

brain magnetic resonance imaging - congenital cytomegalovirus infection - hippocampal malrotation - hippocampus


Publication History

Received: 11 September 2021

Accepted: 24 January 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
28 January 2022

Article published online:
12 April 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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