Gesundheitliche Themen von LSBTIQ+Personen in der ärztlichen Ausbildung in Deutschland

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung Lesbische, schwule, bisexuelle, trans, intergeschlechtliche und queere (LSBTIQ+) Personen erfahren auch heutzutage Diskriminierung und Benachteiligung in vielen Lebensbereichen – auch im Bereich der Gesundheitsversorgung. Studien weisen darauf hin, dass LSBTIQ+Personen einerseits hohe Raten an chronischen körperlichen und psychischen Erkrankungen zeigen, andererseits über negative Erfahrungen mit Behandler_Innen im Gesundheitssystem berichten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einerseits auf Barrieren und eine unzureichende gesundheitliche Versorgung von LSBTIQ+Personen hinzuweisen, andererseits aber auch, auf relevante Lücken in der medizinischen Ausbildung in Deutschland aufmerksam zu machen, woraufhin spezifische Aktionen folgen sollen.

Methodik Zu diesen Zwecken werden sowohl wissenschaftliche Evidenz für die Benachteiligung von LSBTIQ+Personen im Gesundheitssystem als auch wichtige innovative Interventionen in der Ausbildung von medizinischem Personal vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse Eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen – in Bezug auf Umfang, Format und Inhalten – Ausbildungsprogrammen sind bereits erprobt und etabliert, allerdings vor allem in englischsprachigen Regionen der Welt. In der medizinischen Ausbildung in Deutschland fehlen dagegen solche Programme.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Sensibilisierung für und Erweiterung der Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden um LSBTIQ+Gesundheitsthemen ist in Deutschland von großer Bedeutung.

Abstract

Aims Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ +) persons continue to experience discrimination and disadvantage in many areas of life, including healthcare. Studies indicate that LGBTIQ+persons show high rates of chronic physical and mental illness on the one hand, and report negative experiences with health care providers on the other hand. The aim of this work is to point towards barriers and the provision of inadequate health care for LGBTIQ+persons, and to draw attention to relevant gaps in medical education in Germany, needing to be followed by specific actions.

Methods For these purposes, both scientific evidence for the disadvantage of LGBTIQ+persons within the health care system and important innovative interventions in the education of medical personnel are presented and discussed.

Results A variety of different – in terms of scope, format, and content – training programs have already been tested and established, mainly in English-speaking regions of the world. In contrast, medical training in Germany lacks such programs.

Conclusions Raising awareness and expanding the training of medical students to include LGBTIQ+health topics is of great importance in Germany.

Schlüsselwörter

LSBTIQ+ - Trans* - Medizinstudium - Diskriminierung - Inklusion

Key words

LGBTIQ+ - trans* - medical education - discrimination - inclusion

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