Mediastinale Tumoren

Jens-Carsten Rückert; Aron Elsner; Marco Nicolas Andreas

doi:10.1055/a-1785-7816

Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie up2date, Table of Contents

Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie up2date 2022; 16(02): 165-189
DOI: 10.1055/a-1785-7816

Allgemeine Chirurgie

Mediastinale Tumoren

Mediastinal Tumors

Authors

Jens-Carsten Rückert

Chirurgische Klinik Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland
Aron Elsner
Marco Nicolas Andreas

Abstract

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Der Begriff Mediastinaltumor beschreibt eine überaus heterogene Entität von über 90 derartig beschriebenen Läsionen. Die Gemeinsamkeit liegt in der anatomischen Zuordnung und im raumfordernden Charakter.

Abstract

If mediastinal tumours cause symptoms these are related to their anatomical localization or a paraneoplastic syndrome. The differential diagnosis is based on the clinical situation with finding the lesion, and, furthermore, taking into account the age and sex of the patient, and the mediastinal compartment where the lesion is located. Cross-sectional radiographic diagnostic is essential for defining the therapeutic strategy. The anterior mediastinum is dominated by thymic tumours, mediastinal lymphomas, germ cell tumours and ectopic mediastinal poiters. The middle mediastinal compartment is the most frequent place of mediastinal cystic tumours, whereas the posterior mediastinum is the domain of neurogenic tumours. For selected cases a tissue biopsy is required. Surgery is the mainstay for most mediastinal tumours. Median sternotomy is the most frequent conventional surgical technique while minimally invasive surgery with thoracoscopic and above all robot assisted operation techniques are increasingly frequent. Combined chemotherapy and modern radiotherapy are essential components of the comprehensive treatment for mediastinal tumours.

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References

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