Thrombosen und Embolien gehören zu den häufigsten Todesursachen weltweit [1]. Sie umfassen die venösen Thromboembolien mit den Hauptmanifestationen venöse Thrombose
und Lungenembolie sowie arterielle Thrombosen und Thromboembolien wie Myokardinfarkt,
Schlaganfall und systemische arterielle Embolien. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die pathophysiologischen
Konzepte der venösen und arteriellen Thrombose und deren wichtigste Auswirkungen auf
die Therapie.
Abstract
Thrombosis and embolism are among the most common causes of death worldwide and, in
addition to venous thromboembolism with the two main manifestations of deep venous
thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, also include arterial thrombotic disease such as
myocardial infarction, stroke and systemic arterial embolism. It is often the interaction
of several predisposing factors that leads to the formation of an intravascular thrombus.
Changes in the vascular wall, the blood flow and the composition of the blood (Virchow’s
triad) play a decisive role in both the arterial and venous vascular systems. The
management of thromboembolic diseases requires a dedicated clarification of the cause
and classification of the disease process in order to minimize the risk of recurrence
and embolic complications through differentiated antithrombotic therapy. For this
purpose, a risk-benefit analysis based on the individual case and regular reassessment
are of particular importance. In this article, the pathophysiological concepts of
venous and arterial thrombosis and the main therapeutic implications resulting from
this are reviewed.
Schlüsselwörter
arteriell - venös - Thrombose - Embolie - antithrombotische Therapie
Keywords
arterial - venous - thrombosis - embolism - antithrombotic therapy
