Diagnostik der Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung (NMOSD) und der MOG-Antikörper-assoziierten Erkrankung (MOGAD)

Darius Mewes; Joseph Kuchling; Patrick Schindler; Ahmed Abdelrahim Ahmed Khalil; Sven Jarius; Friedemann Paul; Claudia Chien

doi:10.1055/a-1918-1824

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde, Table of Contents

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239(11): 1315-1324
DOI: 10.1055/a-1918-1824

Übersicht

Diagnosis of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and MOG Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD)

Article in several languages: deutsch | English

Authors

Darius Mewes

¹Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Max-Delbrück-Centrum für molekulare Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

²NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

³Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
Joseph Kuchling

²NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

³Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

⁴Klinik für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
Patrick Schindler

¹Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Max-Delbrück-Centrum für molekulare Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

²NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

⁴Klinik für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
Ahmed Abdelrahim Ahmed Khalil

⁵Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

⁶Abteilung Neurologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig, Deutschland

⁷Mind Brain Body Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
Sven Jarius

⁸AG Molekulare Neuroimmunologie, Neurologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
Friedemann Paul

¹Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Max-Delbrück-Centrum für molekulare Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

²NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

⁴Klinik für Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
Claudia Chien

¹Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Max-Delbrück-Centrum für molekulare Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

²NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

⁹Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

Abstract

Aquaporin-4 antibody-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD; also termed MOG encephalomyelitis) are autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. The typical initial manifestations in adult patients are optic neuritis and myelitis. Patients often present with additional involvement of the brain and brainstem, more so in the later stages of the disease. While NMOSD commonly follows a relapsing course, MOGAD can sometimes be monophasic. Differential diagnosis is challenging and relies particularly on radiological and serological findings. It is very important to distinguish these rare diseases from the more common neuroinflammatory disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), since treatment and long-term prognoses for NMOSD, MOGAD and MS differ greatly. The diversity of the symptoms and the extent of the diagnostic work-up necessitate close collaboration between ophthalmology, neurology, and radiology. This article provides an overview of the typical MRI findings and serological antibody diagnostics for NMOSD and MOGAD, supplemented with two exemplary case reports from clinical practice.

Key words

optic neuritis - myelitis - neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) - myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) - MOG antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) - aquaporin-4 (AQP4) - magnetic resonance imaging - serology - autoantibodies - diagnostics

Full Text

References

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