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Am J Perinatol
DOI: 10.1055/a-2008-7167
Review Article

Understanding Health Disparities in Preeclampsia: A Literature Review

Mary B. Conklin
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
2   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
,
Brittney M. Wells
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
,
Emily M. Doe
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
,
Athena M. Strother
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
,
Megan E. Burnett Tarasiewicz
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
,
Emily R. Via
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
3   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
,
Lesley B. Conrad
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
4   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
5   Lynch Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
,
Robin Farias-Eisner
1   School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
4   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
5   Lynch Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
6   College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
7   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
› Author Affiliations Funding This investigation was made possible through the guidance of the Lynch Comprehensive Cancer Research Center at Creighton University School of Medicine and with support from the NCI U54 grant, LB595 Nebraska Cancer and Smoking Disease Research Program, Kelly Day Foundation, and Kicks for Cure.
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Abstract

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial pathology with negative outcomes in affected patients in both the peripartum and postpartum period. Black patients in the United States, when compared to their White and Hispanic counterparts, have higher rates of preeclampsia. This article aims to review the current literature to investigate how race, social determinants of health, and genetic profiles influence the prevalence and outcomes of patients with preeclampsia. Published studies utilized in this review were identified through PubMed using authors' topic knowledge and a focused search through a Medline search strategy. These articles were thoroughly reviewed to explore the contributing biosocial factors, genes/biomarkers, as well as negative outcomes associated with disparate rates of preeclampsia. Increased rates of contributing comorbidities, including hypertension and obesity, which are largely associated with low access to care in Black patient populations lead to disparate rates of preeclampsia in this population. Limited research shows an association between increased rate of preeclampsia in Black patients and specific APOL1, HLA-G, and PP13 gene polymorphisms as well as factor V Leiden mutations. Further research is required to understand the use of certain biomarkers in predicting preeclampsia within racial populations. Understanding contributing biosocial factors and identifying genes that may predispose high-risk populations may help to address the disparate rates of preeclampsia in Black patients as described in this review. Further research is required to understand if serum, placental, or urine biomarkers may be used to predict individuals at risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy.

Key Points

  • Prevalence of preeclampsia in the U.S. is higher in Black patients compared to other racial groups.

  • Patients with preeclampsia are at risk for poorer health outcomes both during and after delivery.

  • Limited research suggests specific biomarkers or gene polymorphisms contribute to this difference; however, explanations for this disparity are multifactorial and further investigation is necessary.

Keywords

preeclampsia - hypertensive disorders of pregnancy - maternal morbidity and mortality - health disparities


Publication History

Received: 16 June 2022

Accepted: 16 December 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
05 January 2023

Article published online:
24 February 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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