Innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte konnten in der (frühzeitigen) Diagnostik und Therapie
sowie in der Primär-, Sekundär- und Tertiärprävention gastrointestinaler onkologischer
Erkrankungen maßgebliche Fortschritte verzeichnet werden. Im Folgenden werden aktuelle
Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen in der Prävention von gastrointestinalen Tumoren zur
Integration in den klinischen Praxisalltag zusammengefasst.
Abstract
Over the past few decades, substantial advancements have been achieved in the early
detection and treatment of gastrointestinal oncological diseases. The survival rates
of patients have significantly improved due to the expansion and enhancement of therapeutic
and diagnostic options, leading to modifications in (neo-)adjuvant, perioperative,
and palliative strategies, as well as the advent of personalized molecular therapy.
Noteworthy progress has also been observed in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention
domains.
Despite these advancements, gastrointestinal tumours continue to be a global health
burden, with approximately 4 million new cases diagnosed annually. These constitute
over a quarter of all tumour cases, with nearly one-third of all global tumour-related
mortalities attributed to gastrointestinal tumours.
Emerging evidence implicates aberrant differentiation of stem or progenitor cells
in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumour diseases. A confluence of clinically
recognized risk factors, including high-fat diet, bile acid, microbiome alterations,
and host factors, can instigate chronic inflammation. This disrupts stem cell homeostasis
and precipitates malignant transformation. Consequently, environmental inflammation
emerges as a critical risk factor warranting consideration in clinical cancer prevention
and surveillance strategies.
This review encapsulates the current understanding and recommendations in the prevention
of selected gastrointestinal tumours, aiming to facilitate their integration into
clinical practice. It underscores the need for continued research to further refine
diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Schlüsselwörter
gastrointestinale Tumoren - Präventionsstrategien - Best-Practice-Ansätze
Keywords
gastrointestinal - tumour - prevention strategies
