Allergien spielen in der täglichen Praxis von HNO-Ärzten eine zentrale Rolle. Eine
nicht adäquate Behandlung kann zu verminderter Lebensqualität und Arbeitsleistung
sowie zu sozioökonomisch bedeutsamen Folgeerkrankungen führen. Der Schlüssel für eine
effektive Behandlung liegt neben einer ausführlichen Anamnese in einer umfassenden
allergologischen Diagnostik. Allergenvermeidung und Nasenspülungen können die pharmakologische
Therapie sinnvoll ergänzen.
Abstract
Allergies play a pivotal role in the daily practice of ENT specialists. Allergic symptoms
induced by inhalant allergens are widespread in the population and can manifest through
a wide range of symptoms, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, conjunctival redness, cough
and dyspnea. Inconsistent diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions can lead
to reduced quality of life, decreased work performance, and socioeconomically significant
secondary diseases. In addition to the medical history, the skin prick test and serological
IgE diagnostics are the most important diagnostic procedure for detecting type-I allergies.
To clarify clinical relevance, molecular diagnostics and nasal provocation testing
may be employed. The key to effective treatment lies in a comprehensive allergological
diagnosis coupled with a detailed patient history. General treatment recommendations
such as allergen avoidance and nasal irrigation should complement pharmacological
therapy. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis topical steroids are first line treatment
options. The primary goal of treatment is symptom control, and if control is insufficient,
causal therapy through specific allergen immunotherapy is recommended. Challenges
in the ENT clinic involve selecting the necessary diagnostics and appropriate, effective
treatments. Hence, using diagnostic and treatment algorithms, as well as standardized
patient history questionnaires, can serve as invaluable tools in daily patient interactions,
especially considering limited time availability.
Schlüsselwörter
Allergie - Allergen-Immuntherapie - nasale Provokation - intranasale Steroide
Keywords
allergy - allergen immunotherapy - nasal provocation - nasal steroids
