Antipsychotika (AP) wurden ursprünglich entwickelt, um Symptome der Schizophrenie
zu behandeln – heute werden sie auch häufig bei geriatrischen Patienten, v.a. bei
Demenz Erkrankten, eingesetzt. Dieser Beitrag erläutert den Einsatz von AP bei Schizophrenie
und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Demenz gemäß den jeweiligen Behandlungsleitlinien.
Auch die unerwünschten Wirkungen häufig verwendeter AP und ihre Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
werden vorgestellt.
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs were originally developed to treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
(e.g., delusions, hallucinations). Nowadays, antipsychotic drugs are also commonly
used in the treatment of geriatric patients, especially those suffering from dementia.
When treating behavioural symptoms of dementia, the use of antipsychotic drugs should
not be first choice and when they do present the best treatment option, they should
not be used long-term. Patients suffering from schizophrenia, on the other hand, may
require long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs in order to avoid relapse. In
the following, the use of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia and
behavioural symptoms in dementia according to the respective treatment guidelines
will be explained. In addition, the pharmacological receptor profiles of frequently
used antipsychotic drugs (e.g., risperidone, haloperidol, quetiapine, aripiprazole)
are presented and the expected adverse drug reactions, such as extrapyramidal symptoms
and hyperprolactinemia, are explained. Treatment options of the most common adverse
drug reactions associated with antipsychotic drugs are also presented.
Schlüsselwörter
Antipsychotika - Demenz - Schizophrenie - Leitlinie - unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkung
