Augenheilkunde up2date, Table of Contents Augenheilkunde up2date 2024; 14(04): 285-302DOI: 10.1055/a-2217-6592 Netzhaut, Glaskörper, Augenhintergrund Venöse Verschlüsse der RetinaRetinal Vein OcclusionsAuthors Nicolas Feltgen Kristina Pfau Josep Callizo Recommend Article Abstract Buy Article(opens in new window) All articles of this category(opens in new window) Bei retinalen Venenverschlüssen handelt es sich um eine komplexe Systemerkrankung, bei der das zugrunde liegende Risikoprofil individuell eingegrenzt werden sollte. Augenärztlich muss immer ein Glaukom oder eine okuläre Hypertension ausgeschlossen sowie nach vaskulären Systemerkrankungen oder Risikofaktoren gesucht werden. In der Behandlung kommen intravitreal applizierte Medikamente, Laserkoagulation oder eine Kombination in Frage. Abstract As retinal vein occlusion is such a complex systemic disease, its underlying risk profile should be narrowed down individually. Ophthalmologists should always rule out glaucoma or ocular hypertension while also screening the patient for systemic vascular diseases or risk factors in particular. Intravitreally applied medication (VEGF inhibitors or steroids) and laser coagulation (focal or panretinal) or a combination thereof can be considered to treat such retinal anomalies. Schlüsselwörter SchlüsselwörterGlaukom - Sehverschlechterung - Laserkoagulation - vaskuläre Erkrankung - IVOM Keywords KeywordsGlaucoma - visual impairment - Lasercoagulation - vascular disease - IVOM Full Text References Literatur 1 Song P, Xu Y, Zha M. et al. Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Glob Health 2019; 9: 010427 2 Nicholson L, Talks SJ, Amoaku W. et al. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) guideline: Executive summary. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36: 909-912 3 Romano F, Lamanna F, Gabrielle PH. et al. Update on retinal vein occlusion. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12: 196-210 4 Ponto KA, Elbaz H, Peto T. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of retinal vein occlusion: The Gutenberg Health Study. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13: 1254-1263 5 German Ophthalmological Society, Retinological Society, Professional Association of German Ophthalmologists. Statement of the German Ophthalmological Society, the Retinological Society and the Professional Association of German Ophthalmologists on Therapy for Macular Oedema in Cases of Retinal Vein Occlusion. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010; 227: 542-556 6 Hayreh SS, Hayreh MS. Hemi-central retinal vein occulsion. Pathogenesis, clinical features, and natural history. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98: 1600-1609 7 Chopdar A. Hemi-central retinal vein occlusion. Pathogenesis, clinical features, natural history and incidence of dual trunk central retinal vein. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K (1962) 1982; 102: 241-248 8 Nicholson L, Vazquez-Alfageme C, Sen P. et al. The clinical relevance of ultra-widefield angiography findings in patients with central retinal vein occlusion and macular oedema receiving anti-VEGF therapy. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36: 1086-1093 9 GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020. The Right to Sight: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9: e144-e160 10 Zhou C, Li S, Ye L. et al. Visual impairment and blindness caused by retinal diseases: A nationwide register-based study. J Glob Health 2023; 13: 04126 11 David R, Zangwill L, Badarna M. et al. Epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion and its association with glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure. Ophthalmologica 1988; 197: 69-74 12 Lang GE, Lang SJ. Diagnostik und Therapie retinaler Venenverschlüsse. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010; 227: R141-R154 13 Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Beri M. et al. Intraocular pressure abnormalities associated with central and hemicentral retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2004; 111: 133-141 14 Kelly DS, Ganti T, Ramsey DJ. Underdiagnosis of risk of glaucoma in patients with retinal vein occlusions. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36: 2350-2352 15 Yin X, Li J, Zhang B. et al. Association of glaucoma with risk of retinal vein occlusion: A meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97: 652-659 16 Flammer J, Konieczka K. Retinal venous pressure: The role of endothelin. EPMA J 2015; 6: 21 17 Cugati S, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E. et al. Ten-year incidence of diabetes in older Australians: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Med J Aust 2007; 186: 131-135 18 Cugati S, Wang JJ, Knudtson MD. et al. Retinal vein occlusion and vascular mortality: Pooled data analysis of 2 population-based cohorts. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 520-524 19 Ponto KA, Scharrer I, Binder H. et al. Hypertension and multiple cardiovascular risk factors increase the risk for retinal vein occlusions: Results from the Gutenberg Retinal Vein Occlusion Study. J Hypertens 2019; 37: 1372-1383 20 Frederiksen KH, Stokholm L, Frederiksen PH. et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality in patients with retinal vein occlusion: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107: 1324-1330 21 Callizo J, Feltgen N, Ammermann A. et al. Atrial fibrillation in retinal vascular occlusion disease and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0181766 22 Bakhoum CY, Madala S, Long CK. et al. Retinal vein occlusion is associated with stroke independent of underlying cardiovascular disease. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37: 764-767 23 Park SJ, Choi NK, Yang BR. et al. Risk of stroke in retinal vein occlusion. Neurology 2015; 85: 1578-1584 24 Li M, Hu X, Huang J. et al. Impact of retinal vein occlusion on stroke incidence: A meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5: e004703 25 Bertelsen M, Linneberg A, Christoffersen N. et al. Mortality in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2014; 121: 637-642 26 Rehak M, Feltgen N, Meier P. et al. [Retinal manifestation in hematological diseases]. Ophthalmologe 2018; 115: 799-812 27 Zhang J-T, Cui S, Li Q. et al. Sleep-disordered breathing is related to retinal vein occlusion: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102: e35411 28 Kuhli-Hattenbach C, Scharrer I, Luchtenberg M. et al. Selektives Thrombophiliescreening junger Patienten mit venösen retinalen Gefäßverschlüssen. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009; 226: 768-773 29 Feltgen N, Agostini H. Retinal vascular occlusion and underlying generalized vascular diseases. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023; 240: 1071-1076 30 Wang B, Zhang X, Chen H. et al. A review of intraocular biomolecules in retinal vein occlusion: Toward potential biomarkers for companion diagnostics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13: 859951 31 CVOS-Group. Natural history and clinical management of central retinal vein occlusion. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group. Comment. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116: 260-261 32 Quinlan PM, Elman MJ, Bhatt AK. et al. The natural course of central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 1990; 110: 118-123 33 BVOS. Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion. The Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol 1984; 98: 271-282 34 Yin S, Cui Y, Jiao W. et al. Potential prognostic indicators for patients with retinal vein occlusion. Front Med 2022; 9: 839082 35 Kondo M, Noma H, Shimura M. et al. Background factors affecting visual acuity at initial visit in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion: Multicenter study in Japan. J Clin Med 2021; 10: 5619 36 Theoulakis PE, Livieratou A, Petropoulos IK. et al. Cilioretinal artery occlusion combined with central retinal vein occlusion – A report of two cases and review of the literature. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010; 227: 302-305 37 McLeod D. Central retinal vein occlusion with cilioretinal infarction from branch flow exclusion and choroidal arterial steal. Retina 2009; 29: 1381-1395 38 Hayreh SS. Classification of central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 1983; 90: 458-474 39 Hayreh SS. Management of central retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmologica 2003; 217: 167-188 40 Arrigo A, Aragona E, Lattanzio R. et al. Collateral Vessel development in central and branch retinal vein occlusions are associated with worse visual and anatomic outcomes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62: 1 41 Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST. et al. Retinal vein occlusions preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology 2020; 127: P288-P320 42 Hayreh SS. Retinal vein occlusion. Review. Indian J Ophthalmol 1994; 42: 109-132 43 Schmidt-Erfurth U, Garcia-Arumi J, Gerendas BS. et al. Guidelines for the management of retinal vein occlusion by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Ophthalmologica 2019; 242: 123-162 44 Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft. Qualitätssicherung der optischen Kohärenztomografie für die Diagnostik des Augenhintergrunds. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234: 1026-1033 45 Sasajima H, Zako M, Murotani K. et al. Visual prognostic factors in eyes with subretinal fluid associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. J Clin Med 2023; 12: 2909 46 Mimouni M, Segev O, Dori D. et al. Disorganization of the retinal inner layers as a predictor of visual acuity in eyes with macular edema secondary to vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 182: 160-167 47 Bemme S, Heins A, Lauermann P. et al. Reliability of subjective assessment of spectral-domain OCT pathologic features by multiple raters in retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmol Sci 2021; 1: 100031 48 Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft. Stellungnahme des Berufsverbandes der Augenärzte Deutschlands, der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft und der Retinologischen Gesellschaft. OCT-Angiografie in Deutschland: Präsentation, Nomenklatur und Zukunftswünsche (Stand Januar 2017). Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234: 822-827 49 Munk MR, Kashani AH, Tadayoni R. et al. Recommendations for OCT angiography reporting in retinal vascular disease: A Delphi approach by international experts. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6: 753-761 50 Huang J, Lu Y, Gu X. et al. Correlation between the nonperfusion area on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography and nonflow area on optical coherence tomographic angiography in retinal vein occlusion. J Ophthalmol 2021; 51 Tadayoni R, Waldstein SM, Boscia F. et al. Sustained benefits of ranibizumab with or without laser in branch retinal vein occlusion: 24-month results of the BRIGHTER study. Ophthalmology 2017; 124: 1778-1787 52 Pielen A, Mirshahi A, Feltgen N. et al. Ranibizumab for branch retinal vein occlusion associated macular edema study (RABAMES): Six-month results of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Acta Ophthalmol Copenh 2015; 93: e29-e37 53 Feltgen N, Hansen LL, Agostini H. Treatment of retinal vein occlusion – Is there still a role for vitreoretinal surgery?. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234: 1103-1108 54 Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, Ip MS. et al. Effect of Bevacizumab vs Aflibercept on visual acuity among patients with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion: The SCORE2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2017; 317: 2072-2087 55 Hykin P, Prevost AT, Vasconcelos JC. et al. Clinical effectiveness of intravitreal therapy with Ranibizumab vs Aflibercept vs Bevacizumab for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137: 1256-1264 56 Niedzwiecki M, Hunt A, Nguyen V. et al. 12-month outcomes of Ranibizumab versus Aflibercept for macular oedema in central retinal vein occlusion: Data from the FRB! registry. Acta Ophthalmol Copenh 2022; 100: e920-e927 57 Hunt AR, Nguyen V, Creuzot-Garcher CP. et al. Twelve-month outcomes of Ranibizumab versus Aflibercept for macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion: Data from the FRB! registry. Br J Ophthalmol 2022; 106: 1178-1184 58 Nanji K, Khan M, Khalid MF. et al. Treat-and-extend regimens of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for retinal vein occlusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol Copenh 2022; 100: e1199-e1208 59 Tadayoni R, Paris LP, Danzig CJ. et al. Efficacy and safety of Faricimab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion: 24-week results from the BALATON and COMINO trials. Ophthalmology 2024; 131: 950-960 60 Gurudas S, Patrao N, Nicholson L. et al. Visual outcomes associated with patterns of macular edema resolution in central retinal vein occlusion treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: A post hoc analysis of the Lucentis, Eylea, Avastin in Vein Occlusion (LEAVO) trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140: 143-150 61 Take P, Dittmann CA, Mackerodt L. et al. The modified treat and extend scheme with injection blocks in intravitreal injection treatment: Retrospective analysis from the routine clinical application. Ophthalmol Z Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges 2021; 118: 578-586 62 Berufsverband der Augenärzte Deutschlands e. V. (BVA), Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (DOG), Retinologische Gesellschaft e. V. (RG). Stellungnahme von BVA, DOG und RG zur intravitrealen Therapie des visusmindernden Makulaödems bei retinalem Venenverschluss. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2018; 235: 1165-1177 63 Callizo J, Ziemssen F, Bertelmann T. et al. Real-world data: Ranibizumab Treatment for retinal vein occlusion in the OCEAN study. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13: 2167-2179 64 Hunt A, Nguyen V, Bhandari S. et al. Central retinal vein occlusion 36-month outcomes with anti-VEGF: The Fight Retinal Blindness! Registry. Ophthalmol Retina 2023; 7: 338-345 65 Hattenbach L-O, Feltgen N, Bertelmann T. et al. Head-to-head comparison of Ranibizumab PRN versus single-dose Dexamethasone for branch retinal vein occlusion (COMRADE-B). Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96: e10-e18 66 Hoerauf H, Feltgen N, Weiss C. et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of ranibizumab versus dexamethasone for central retinal vein occlusion (COMRADE C): A European label study. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 169: 258-267 67 Feltgen N, Hattenbach L-O, Bertelmann T. et al. Comparison of Ranibizumab versus Dexamethasone for macular oedema following retinal vein occlusion: 1-year results of the COMRADE extension study. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96: e933-e941 68 Soliman MK, Zarranz-Ventura J, Chakravarthy U. et al. United Kingdom database study of intravitreal Dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) for macular edema related to retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2023; 43: 679-687 69 The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group. Bilateral central retinal vein occlusions. Arch Ophthalmol 1997; 115: 486-491 70 Nicholson L, Vazquez-Alfageme C, Patrao NV. et al. Retinal nonperfusion in the posterior pole is associated with increased risk of neovascularization in central retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 182: 118-125 71 CVOS-Group. Baseline and early natural history report. The central vein occlusion study. Comment. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 555 72 Brown DM, Wykoff CC, Wong TP. et al. Ranibizumab in preproliferative (ischemic) central retinal vein occlusion: The rubeosis anti-VEGF (RAVE) trial. Retina 2014; 34: 1728-1735 73 Frederiksen KH, Vestergaard JP, Pedersen FN. et al. Navigated laser and aflibercept versus aflibercept monotherapy in treatment-naïve branch retinal vein occlusion: A 12-month randomized trial. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100: e1503-e1509 74 Thomley ME, Gross CN, Preda-Naumescu A. et al. Real-world outcomes in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion- (BRVO-) related macular edema treated with anti-VEGF injections alone versus anti-VEGF injections combined with focal laser. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021: 6641008 75 Bhambra N, Sayal AP, Popovic MM. et al. Combination intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and macular laser photocoagulation relative to intravitreal injection monotherapy in macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36: 2271-2278 76 Song S, Yu X, Zhang P. et al. Combination of Ranibizumab with macular laser for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: One-year results from a randomized controlled double-blind trial. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20: 241 77 Leitritz MA, Gelisken F, Ziemssen F. et al. Grid laser photocoagulation for macular oedema due to branch retinal vein occlusion in the age of Bevacizumab? Results of a prospective study with crossover design. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 97: 215-219 78 Kreutzer TC, Wolf A, Dirisamer M. et al. Intravitreal Ranibizumab versus isovolemic hemodilution in the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: Twelve-month results of a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. Ophthalmologica 2015; 233: 8-17 79 Stefánsson E. The therapeutic effects of retinal laser treatment and vitrectomy. A theory based on oxygen and vascular physiology. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001; 79: 435-440 80 Feltgen N, Stahl A. VEGF-Inhibitoren im Rahmen vitreoretinaler Eingriffe. Ophthalmologe 2013; 110: 926-934
