Updates in the Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management of Venous Thrombosis in Unusual Sites

The term unusual site venous thrombosis refers to uncommon manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that occur outside of the lower limbs and the pulmonary arteries. The management of unusual site VTE is challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and predisposing factors, and to the lack of high-quality evidence to drive treatment strategies. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the available evidence and to provide practical guidance on the management of unusual site VTE.

Keywords

venous thromboembolism - splanchnic vein thrombosis - cerebral vein thrombosis - retinal vein occlusion - hemorrhage - anticoagulation treatments

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