Eine Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit (SLSH) kann durch eine Vielzahl von Ursachen hervorgerufen
werden, die von banalen Mittelohrentzündungen bis hin zu komplexen strukturellen Anomalien
reichen. Durch gezielte Anamnese und Untersuchung, ergänzt durch audiometrische und
ggf. apparative Diagnostik, sowie ggf. eine explorative Tympanotomie kann die richtige
Ursache herausgefunden und damit die optimale Behandlung gewählt werden.
Abstract
Conductive hearing loss (CHL) is a complex symptom that can have many different underlying
etiologies. Identifying the causative pathology and its clinical presentation is a
significant challenge in otology. CHL encompasses a broad spectrum of possible causes,
from acute middle ear infections to structural abnormalities and tumors. A precise
differential diagnosis is essential to enable targeted and effective treatment. This
article highlights the main etiologies, diagnostic approaches and differentiation
of CHL, including history taking, clinical examination, audiometric testing and radiologic
imaging. Particular attention is be paid to the importance of ear microscopy, pure-tone
audiometry, tympanometry and imaging techniques such as high-resolution CT and MRI
for the differential diagnosis of CHL. In addition, rare but relevant causes such
as tumors and syndromic diseases are explained. The aim is to provide ENT physicians
and specialists with a comprehensive understanding of the diagnosis and treatment
options for CHL in order to sustainably improve the prognosis and quality of life
of patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit - Tubenventilationsstörung - chronische Otitis media
- Cholesteatom - Mukotympanon - Paragangliom
Keywords
conductive heraring loss - Eustachian tube dysfunction - chronic otitis media - cholesteatoma
- mucotympanum - paraganglioma
