Die medizinische Ernährungstherapie ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Therapie auf
Intensivstationen und spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für die Prognose kritisch kranker
Patient*innen. Eine individualisierte Ernährungsstrategie ist essenziell, um den besonderen
Bedürfnissen kritisch kranker Patient*innen gerecht zu werden und mögliche Komplikationen
zu minimieren.
Abstract
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is a key component of treatment in intensive care
units (ICU) and plays a crucial role in the prognosis of critically ill patients.
An individualized nutrition strategy is essential to meet the specific needs of critically
ill patients and to minimize potential complications.
Recommendations for MNT differ between the guidelines of the German Society for Nutritional
Medicine (DGEM), the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN),
and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.), making
its implementation in clinical practice challenging. Therefore, the first part of
this article provides a pragmatic summary of the current recommendations for everyday
clinical practice. The second part focuses on recent data and how these might influence
current paradigms of MNT for critically ill patients, with particular emphasis on
phase-appropriate macronutrient delivery and combinations of nutrition with other
interventions.
Schlüsselwörter
medizinische Ernährungstherapie - Ernährung - kritische Erkrankungen - Intensivpatient
- Makronährstoff - Mikronährstoff - Übersichtsarbeit
Keywords
medical nutrition therapy - nutrition - critical illness - intensive care patient
- macronutrient - micronutrient - review article