Pulmonary Problems in Children with Esophageal Atresia

Abstract

Most children with esophageal atresia (EA) have pulmonary problems. The causes include associated malformations of the central airways, tracheomalacia, consequences of intubation and mechanical ventilation, as well as prematurity. This leads to an increased frequency of pulmonary infections with bacterial involvement. Long-term consequences are bronchiectasis and other structural damage to the lungs, resulting in a restrictive ventilatory defect, reduced physical resilience, and increased mortality. To prevent these late pulmonary complications, early and consistent multidisciplinary follow-up care and treatment for children with EA are essential, with continuation into adulthood. Only a few large centers can maintain such structures and acquire the necessary expertise.

Keywords

oesophageal atresia/esophageal atresia - pulmonary complications - bronchiectasis - tracheomalacia - pulmonary destruction

Publication History

Article published online:
10 October 2025

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