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Neuropediatrics 2025; 56(03): 194-199
DOI: 10.1055/a-2509-0278
Original Article

The Prevalence of Migraine in Children Diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever

Yiğithan Güzin 
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Safa Mete Dağdaş 
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Gamze Sarıkaya Uzan 
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Mügen Baykan 
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Pınar Gençpınar 
2   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Türkiye
3   Neuroscience Research Center, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Figen Baydan 
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Berk Özyılmaz 
5   Department of Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Gizem Doğan
1   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Belde Kasap Demir 
4   Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Nephrology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye
,
Nihal Olgaç Dündar 
2   Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Türkiye
3   Neuroscience Research Center, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye
› Author Affiliations
Funding None.
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Abstract

Purpose Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis, caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. Inflammatory pathways associated with FMF are linked to increased proinflammatory cytokines, which may be related to primary headaches, including migraine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of migraine and other primary headaches in FMF patients.

Methods In this retrospective study, the medical records of FMF patients were analyzed. Demographic data, MEFV gene mutations, and headache histories were collected. The frequency of migraine was compared among patients with these mutations, and statistical analyses were conducted.

Results The study included 148 FMF patients, comprising 56.1% females and 43.9% males, with a mean age of 11.3 ± 3.7 years. A family history of FMF was reported in 77.7% of patients, and 35.8% had a family history of migraine. Headaches were reported in 52.7% of patients: 24.3% non-specific, 15.5% tension-type, and 12.8% migraine. Of those with migraine, 8.1% had migraine with aura, and 4.7% without aura. Headaches were more frequently frontal in patients under 12 years of age and temporal in those aged ≥12 years (p = 0.011). The most common genetic mutations were M694V heterozygous and homozygous, with M694V and E148Q mutations linked to more frequent migraines, although not statistically significant.

Conclusion FMF patients should be screened for primary headaches, particularly migraine. The high frequency of migraine observed in this study suggests that clinicians should particularly consider migraine as a diagnosis in headache episodes experienced by FMF patients.

Keywords

familial mediterranean fever - migraine - primary headaches - MEFV gene mutations

Availability of Data and Material

The lead author* affirms that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported, that no important aspects of the study have been omitted and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained (*Guarantor of the manuscript).




Publication History

Received: 22 August 2024

Accepted: 29 December 2024

Article published online:
14 January 2025

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