Abstract
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical technique originally created to
improve prosthetic function following upper extremity amputation. TMR has since been
shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of chronic postamputation phantom
and residual limb pain in both upper and lower extremity amputees and for neurogenic
pain in the nonamputee patient population. This article provides a current review
of the various indications for TMR and surgical techniques, organized by amputation
site, timing, and regional anatomy.
Keywords
targeted muscle reinnervation - nerve transfers - painful neuromas - myoelectric prosthesis
