Die chronische Nierenerkrankung (CKD) gehört zu den häufigen internistischen
Erkrankungen, sie führt häufig zu einer verminderten Lebensqualität der
Patientinnen und Patienten, einer erhöhten Morbidität und Letalität sowie zu
hohen Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beleuchtet den
Stellenwert der Rehabilitation bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung, nach
Nierentransplantation sowie nach Nierenlebendspende.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 7% of the German population,
leading to increased morbidity, mortality and subjective symptoms that
significantly impact quality of life. In Germany, approx. 86000 individuals rely
on renal replacement therapies with a median waiting time of nearly eight years
for a kidney transplant. The initiation of dialysis often results in limitations
of functional and physical capabilities, as well as reduced participation in
daily activities. The development of frailty during this period is a strong
negative predictor of mortality. Thus, patients with CKD can benefit from
multimodal rehabilitation programmes.
Research initiatives are exploring the effects of prehabilitation measures on the
outcome of kidney transplantation. Most patients benefit from transplantation;
however, both the early and late phases post-transplant are characterized by
various potential complications. Following a kidney transplant, patients
experience increased needs for medical, psychological, nutritional,
physiotherapeutic and social counseling and support.
In cases of living kidney donation, donor recovery is typically rapid, although
some individuals may experience prolonged recovery times. Registry data indicate
that a portion of patients may encounter transient worsening of fatigue symptoms
post-donation. Given the unique circumstances surrounding kidney donation and
transplantation, intensive follow-up care focusing on renal risks and
psychological aspects is essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes and
quality of life. This comprehensive approach is crucial for addressing the
multifaceted needs of patients throughout their treatment journey.
Schlüsselwörter
CKD - Rehabilitation - Transplantation - Frailty - Quality of Life
Keywords
CKD - rehabilitation - transplantation - frailty - quality of life
