Die Rolle von Heilpilzen in der Integrativen
                    Onkologie

Michael Jeitler; Christian S. Kessler

doi:10.1055/a-2537-2980

Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie, Table of Contents

Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2025; 46(02): 85-98
DOI: 10.1055/a-2537-2980

Forschung

Die Rolle von Heilpilzen in der Integrativen Onkologie

Ein narratives Review

Authors

Michael Jeitler

¹Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, korporatives Mitglied der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

²Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Abteilung für Innere und Integrative Medizin, Berlin, Deutschland

³Institut für Allgemeinmedizin & Interprofessionelle Versorgung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland

⁴Robert Bosch Centrum für Integrative Medizin und Gesundheit, Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Deutschland
Christian S. Kessler

¹Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, korporatives Mitglied der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

⁵Charité Competence Center for Traditional and Integrative Medicine (CCCTIM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, korporatives Mitglied der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund/Ziel Heilpilze haben eine lange Tradition in der (ost-) asiatischen Medizin und gewinnen zunehmend auch in der westlichen Medizin an Bedeutung. Eine wachsende Anzahl präklinischer Studien weist auf mögliche onkotherapeutische Eigenschaften hin. Dennoch ist die klinische Relevanz von Mykotherapeutika (jenseits von Antibiotika) bislang völlig unzureichend erforscht, sodass ihr potenzieller Nutzen für die medizinische Praxis weiterhin unklar ist. Dieser narrative Review soll einen Überblick über die klinische Evidenz, die Bedeutung und die potenzielle Rolle von Heilpilzen in der Komplementäronkologie geben.

Methoden Es wurden wissenschaftliche Datenbanken nach (randomisierten) kontrollierten klinischen Studien durchsucht, in denen Vollspektrumpräparate aus Heilpilzen bei Krebspatienten während und/oder nach einer konventionellen onkologischen Behandlung untersucht wurden. 9 Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien (8 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, 1 kontrollierte klinische Studie). Bei den untersuchten Heilpilzen handelte es sich um Agaricus sylvaticus (2 Studien), Agaricus blazei (2 Studien), Antrodia cinnamomea (1 Studie), Trametes versicolor (1 Studie) und Ganoderma lucidum (3 Studien); in allen Studien wurde mit Placebo verglichen. Die Präparate wurden oral verabreicht.

Ergebnisse Die Studienergebnisse deuten auf günstige Effekte von Heilpilzen hin, insbesondere bzgl. Lebensqualität und der Reduktion unerwünschter Wirkungen konventioneller Therapien. Zudem wurde über positive Auswirkungen auf die Antitumoraktivität und die Immunmodulation berichtet, z. B. eine erhöhte Aktivität natürlicher Killerzellen. Darüber hinaus lassen die Daten vermuten, dass Krebspatienten, die Mykotherapeutika erhalten, möglicherweise eine verlängerte Überlebenszeit aufweisen. Unerwünschte Ereignisse wurden nur in 3 Studien berichtet; hier traten v. a. gastrointestinale Reaktionen und ein Rückgang der Thrombozytenzahl auf. Die methodische Qualität der meisten inkludierten Studien war generell unzureichend.

Schlussfolgerung Heilpilze haben möglicherweise ein therapeutisches Potenzial für Krebspatienten während und nach konventionellen onkologischen Behandlungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich Lebensqualität, der Verringerung unerwünschter Wirkungen konventioneller Behandlungen und möglicherweise auch bezüglich anderer Surrogatparameter wie Immunfunktionen. Es besteht ein dringender Bedarf, die Sicherheit und mögliche Wechselwirkungen von Heilpilzen mit anderen arzneilichen Substanzen zu untersuchen. Qualitativ hochwertige klinische (und präklinische) Forschung ist erforderlich, um das Potenzial von Heilpilzen in der Krebstherapie zu klären.

Schlüsselwörter

Heilpilze - Mykotherapie - Integrative Onkologie - Komplementärmedizin - Naturheilkunde

Full Text

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