The Hidden Risks of Recycled Plastic Toys: A Literature Review on Legacy Additives and Child Safety

Abstract

The presence of harmful legacy additives in plastic toys poses risks to children’s health and limits the possibilities for reuse of second-hand toys and the recycling of plastic toys. This review article examines the lifecycle of plastic toys and the persistence of hazardous chemicals, including phthalates and brominated flame retardants. Difficulties in recycling practices due to heterogeneous material composition and the perpetuation of a ‘risk cycle’ of toxic legacy additives are discussed. The review identified significant regulatory gaps, particularly in toys manufactured outside the EU, and revealed the ongoing circulation of toxic substances in both new and second-hand toys. This study highlights the necessity of addressing chemical risks in toys within the context of a circular economy and indicates opportunities for advancing sustainable practices in the toy industry. By evaluating regulatory gaps and recycling practices, the study emphasises the need for stricter enforcement, enhanced consumer awareness, and sustainable waste management strategies to promote a safer circular economy.

Keywords

Legacy additives - Toy safety - Plastic recycling - Chemical risk assessment - Sustainable chemistry

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