Abstract
Alopecia, characterised by partial or complete hair loss, significantly affects the
psychological and social well-being of individuals. Current FDA-approved treatments,
such as topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, often present limitations, including
skin irritation and suboptimal efficacy, compromising patient adherence. In recent
years, natural compounds have garnered attention as potential alternatives, with carnosic
acid emerging as a promising candidate due to its multifaceted biological activities.
Carnosic acid, a diterpenic polyphenol predominantly found in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage (Salvia officinalis), exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-androgenic, neuroprotective,
and hair follicle-regenerative properties. Despite its therapeutic potential, its
poor solubility and stability in conventional formulations limit its clinical application.
This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms through which carnosic acid
exerts its effects in alopecia management, focusing on its antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory
responses, inhibition of dihydrotestosterone activity, promotion of hair follicle
regeneration, and neuroprotective actions. The findings highlight carnosic acidʼs
potential as a natural, effective, and safer alternative for alopecia treatment.
Keywords
alopecia - carnosic acid - Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis
-
Salvia officinalis antioxidant - anti-inflammatory - anti-androgenic - hair follicle regeneration
