Die Rolle der H₂O₂-Entgiftung bei oxidativer Stressbelastung der Mitochondrien

Der Polymorphismus rs4880 im SOD2-Gen beeinflusst die Abwehr von oxidativem Stress in den Mitochondrien, da er für einen verminderten Import des Enzyms in die Mitochondrien und damit einer verminderten Umwandlung von Hyperoxid zu H₂O₂ prädisponiert. Das Enzym SOD2 schützt zudem nur optimal, wenn das H₂O₂-abbauende Enzym GPX1 ausreichend vorhanden ist. Ist die GPX1-Aktivität (durch Polymorphismen im GPX1-Gen oder Selenmangel) vermindert, kann – auch bei normaler SOD2-Aktivität – oxidativer Stress durch die verstärkte Bildung von Hydroxylradikalen entstehen („SOD2-Paradoxon“). Eine Abschätzung der Disposition zu verstärktem oxidativem Stress der Mitochondrien sollte Polymorphismen in den SOD2- und GPX1-Genen sowie den Selenstatus betrachten.

Schlüsselwörter

Superoxiddismutase 2 (SOD2) - SOD2-Paradoxon - Glutathionperoxidase 1 (GPX1) - Hyperoxid-Anion - Mitochondrien - Polymorphismus rs4880 - oxidativer Stress

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