Update zum intestinalen Mikrobiom bei Hunden mit gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen

Das intestinale Mikrobiom ist derzeit Fokus vieler Forschungsarbeiten und spielt insbesondere im Hinblick auf die chronische Enteropathie des Hundes eine große Rolle. Ein Überblick hierzu und die Notwendigkeit eines multimodalen Therapieansatzes werden im Folgenden erläutert.

• Literatur

• 1 Pilla R, Suchodolski JS. The Gut Microbiome of Dogs and Cats, and the Influence of Diet. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51: 605-621
• 2 Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W. et al. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12: 1239-1285
• 3 Watanangura A, Meller S, Farhat N. et al. Behavioral comorbidities treatment by fecal microbiota transplantation in canine epilepsy: a pilot study of a novel therapeutic approach. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11: 1385469
• 4 AlShawaqfeh MK, Wajid B, Minamoto Y. et al. A dysbiosis index to assess microbial changes in fecal samples of dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93
• 5 Blake AB, Guard BC, Honneffer JB. et al. Altered microbiota, fecal lactate, and fecal bile acids in dogs with gastrointestinal disease. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0224454
• 6 Guard BC, Barr JW, Reddivari L. et al. Characterization of microbial dysbiosis and metabolomic changes in dogs with acute diarrhea. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0127259
• 7 Honneffer JB, Minamoto Y, Suchodolski JS. Microbiota alterations in acute and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation of cats and dogs. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 16489-16497
• 8 Toresson L, Spillmann T, Pilla R. et al. Clinical Effects of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation as Adjunctive Therapy in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathies – A Retrospective Case Series of 41 Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10: 271
• 9 Ziese A-L, Suchodolski JS, Hartmann K. et al. Effect of probiotic treatment on the clinical course, intestinal microbiome, and toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0204691
• 10 Lappin MR, Zug A, Hovenga C. et al. Efficacy of feeding a diet containing a high concentration of mixed fiber sources for management of acute large bowel diarrhea in dogs in shelters. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36: 488-492
• 11 Healthy Paws Pet Insurance. 2019 Cost of Pet Health Care Report. Im Internet: https://www.healthypawspetinsurance.com/content/costofcare/pet-care-costs-health-conditions_2019.pdf Stand: 07.06.2025
• 12 Kotwa JD, French SK, Greer T. et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs in southern Ontario, Canada, based on fecal samples tested using sucrose double centrifugation and Fecal Dx^® tests. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 26: 100618
• 13 Reimschuessel R, Grabenstein M, Guag J. et al. Multilaboratory Survey To Evaluate Salmonella Prevalence in Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic Dogs and Cats in the United States between 2012 and 2014. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55: 1350-1368
• 14 Plunkett CH, Nagler CR. The Influence of the Microbiome on Allergic Sensitization to Food. J Immunol 2017; 198: 581-589
• 15 Schmidt M, Unterer S, Suchodolski JS. et al. The fecal microbiome and metabolome differs between dogs fed Bones and Raw Food (BARF) diets and dogs fed commercial diets. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0201279
• 16 Ammoury RF, Ghishan FK. Pathophysiology of Diarrhea and its Clinical Implications. In: Johnson LR, Ghishan FK, Wood JD. et al. Hrsg. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Cambridge (MA): Elsevier; 2012: 2183-2197
• 17 Minamoto Y, Minamoto T, Isaiah A. et al. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and dysbiosis in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33: 1608-1618
• 18 Ing NH, Steiner JM. The Use of Diets in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Gastrointestinal Diseases in Dogs and Cats. Adv Exp Med Biol 2024; 1446: 39-53
• 19 Duboc H, Rajca S, Rainteau D. et al. Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 2013; 62: 531-539
• 20 Wang S, Martins R, Sullivan MC. et al. Diet-induced remission in chronic enteropathy is associated with altered microbial community structure and synthesis of secondary bile acids. Microbiome 2019; 7: 126
• 21 Li Q, Larouche-Lebel É, Loughran KA. et al. Gut Dysbiosis and Its Associations with Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. mSystems 2021; 6: e00111-21
• 22 Wilke VL, Nettleton D, Wymore MJ. et al. Gene expression in intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens obtained from dogs with chronic enteropathy. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73: 1219-1229
• 23 Walker D, Knuchel-Takano A, McCutchan A. et al. A comprehensive pathological survey of duodenal biopsies from dogs with diet-responsive chronic enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27: 862-874
• 24 Giaretta PR, Rech RR, Guard BC. et al. Comparison of intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter between dogs with and without chronic inflammatory enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32: 1918-1926
• 25 Sung C-H, Pilla R, Chen C-C. et al. Correlation between Targeted qPCR Assays and Untargeted DNA Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing for Assessing the Fecal Microbiota in Dogs. Animals 2023; 13: 2597
• 26 Sung C-H, Pilla R, Marsilio S. et al. Fecal Concentrations of Long-Chain Fatty Acids, Sterols, and Unconjugated Bile Acids in Cats with Chronic Enteropathy. Animals 2023; 13: 2753
• 27 Galler AI, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. et al. Microbial dysbiosis and fecal metabolomic perturbations in Yorkshire Terriers with chronic enteropathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12: 12977
• 28 Tolbert MK, Murphy M, Gaylord L. et al. Dietary management of chronic enteropathy in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63: 425-434
• 29 Chen CC, Pilla R, Toresson L. et al. Microbial Gene Profiling and Targeted Metabolomics in Fecal Samples of Dogs With Chronic Enteropathy With or Without Increased Dysbiosis Index. J Vet Intern Med 2025; 39: e70199
• 30 Minamoto Y, Otoni CC, Steelman SM. et al. Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2015; 6: 33-47
• 31 Ullal TV, Marks SL, Huebner SN. et al. Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37: 455-464
• 32 Doulidis PG, Galler AI, Hausmann B. et al. Gut microbiome signatures of Yorkshire Terrier enteropathy during disease and remission. Sci Rep 2023; 13: 4337
• 33 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University. M University. Canine and Feline Microbiota Dysbiosis Index. https://vetmed.tamu.edu/gilab/service/assays/canine-microbiota-dysbiosis-index/ Stand: 24.08.2025
• 34 Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105: 16731-16736
• 35 Liu X, Mao B, Gu J. et al. Blautia – a new functional genus with potential probiotic properties?. Gut Microbes 2021; 13: 1-21
• 36 Citron DM. Update on the taxonomy and clinical aspects of the genus fusobacterium. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35 (Suppl. 1) 22-27
• 37 Pilla R, Gaschen FP, Barr JW. et al. Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34: 1853-1866
• 38 Jones SM, Gaier A, Enomoto H. et al. The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34: 1886-1893
• 39 Stübing H, Suchodolski JS, Reisinger A. et al. The Effect of Metronidazole versus a Synbiotic on Clinical Course and Core Intestinal Microbiota in Dogs with Acute Diarrhea. Vet Sci 2024; 11: 197
• 40 Holz M, Fritz J, Suchodolski JS. et al. Effects of dietary cellulose on clinical and gut microbiota recovery in dogs with uncomplicated acute diarrhea: a randomized prospective clinical trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2025; 263: 169-177
• 41 Unterer S, Strohmeyer K, Kruse BD. et al. Treatment of aseptic dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a prospective blinded study. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25: 973-979
• 42 Lienden M van Suchodolski JS, Procoli F. Multimodal Treatment Approach to Dogs With Chronic Diarrhea and the Role of the Microbiome (07./08.2025). https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/gastroenterology/multimodal-treatment-approach-to-dogs-with-chronic-diarrhea-and-the-role-of-the-microbiome/ Stand: 24.08.2025
• 43 Jergens AE, Heilmann RM. Canine chronic enteropathy – Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9: 923013
• 44 Hodel S, Brugger D, Kook PH. Long-term evaluation of the initial response to therapy in 60 dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38: 2444-2453
• 45 Stavroulaki EM, Suchodolski JS, Xenoulis PG. Effects of antimicrobials on the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats. Vet J 2023; 291: 105929
• 46 Dupouy-Manescau N, Méric T, Sénécat O. et al. Updating the Classification of Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies in Dogs. Animals 2024; 14: 681
• 47 Gaylord L, Raditic D. Managing Chronic Enteropathies: Beyond Antimicrobials (11./12.2024). https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/nutrition/managing-chronic-enteropathies-beyond-antimicrobials/ Stand: 24.08.2025
• 48 Schramm A, Kook PH. A Descriptive Study on the Extent of Dietary Information Obtained during Consultations at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Animals 2022; 12: 661
• 49 Bizikova P, Olivry T. A randomized, double-blinded crossover trial testing the benefit of two hydrolysed poultry-based commercial diets for dogs with spontaneous pruritic chicken allergy. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27: 289-e70
• 50 Cave NJ. Hydrolyzed protein diets for dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2006; 36: 1251-1268
• 51 Mueller RS, Unterer S. Adverse food reactions: Pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and alternatives to elimination diets. Vet J 2018; 236: 89-95
• 52 Rosser EJ. Diagnosis of food allergy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 203: 259-262
• 53 Cridge H, Parker VJ, Kathrani A. Nutritional management of pancreatitis and concurrent disease in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262: 834-840
• 54 Jensen KB, Chan DL. Nutritional management of acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24: 240-250
• 55 Winston JA, Suchodolski JS, Gaschen F. et al. Clinical Guidelines for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Companion Animals. Adv Small Animal Care 2024; 5: 79-107
• 56 Chaitman J, Guard BC, Sarwar F. et al. Fecal microbial transplantation decreases the dysbiosis index in dogs presenting with chronic diarrhea. ACVIM Forum Research Abstract Program, National Harbor, Maryland (US), 8th–10th June 2017. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31: 1287