Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into surgical practice, offering
enhanced decision-making, precision, and workflow efficiency. In pediatric surgery,
the convergence of AI and robotic-assisted platforms represents a promising frontier,
addressing the unique anatomical, physiological, and technical challenges of operating
on children. Aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of
art of AI use in pediatric robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), outlining the available
evidence, potential benefits, existing limitations, and prospective developments.
Methods
A literature-based search of PubMed and Scopus was performed to identify articles
covering any aspect of AI application in pediatric RAS. Selection criteria included
English language, pediatric patients (under 18 years of age), and AI application to
pediatric RAS. Additionally, studies reporting AI applications in adult RAS or for
surgical training, which were not primarily focused on pediatric surgery but presented
potential translational applicability to pediatric RAS, were considered.
Results
A total of 746 papers published until July 2025 were collected. A total of 15 full-text
articles were assessed for eligibility, meeting the inclusion criteria. The other
studies were excluded because they did not address pediatric surgery, did not involve
robotic-assisted procedures, or did not include applications of AI.
Conclusion
Although RAS is well established in pediatric practice, the direct application of
AI remains limited, with AI-like features such as machine vision and augmented reality
serving mainly as supportive tools rather than autonomous decision-making systems.
Nevertheless, emerging AI-like technologies and ongoing research hold promising potential
for future applications in pediatric robotic surgery.
Keywords
artificial intelligence - robotic-assisted surgery - pediatric surgery
