Weltweit sterben jährlich fast 10 Millionen Kinder unter 5 Jahren. Das 4. Millenniumsentwicklungsziel
fordert bis zum Jahre 2015 eine Verminderung der Kindersterblichkeit um 2 Drittel
bezogen auf 1990. Die Haupttodesursachen – Pneumonie, Durchfall, Malaria, Mangelernährung,
Masern und Neugeborenenprobleme – könnten durch entsprechende Prävention und Behandlung
leicht verhindert werden, allerdings scheitert es in vielen Ländern an der mangelnden
Umsetzung entsprechender Maßnahmen. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO hat Richtlinien
entwickelt, um den wirksamen Einsatz von Vorsorge– und Behandlungsmaßnahmen auf Gemeindeebene,
in primären Gesundheitseinrichtungen sowie im Krankenhaus voranzutreiben. Im Rahmen
des „Integrated Management of Childhood Illness” wurden Richtlinien entwickelt, die
für die Behandlung von Kindern in primären Gesundheitszentren mit geringen Mitteln
angemessen sind. Das ”Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children" fasst Grundsätze
für die adäquate Krankenhausversorgung für Kinder in Entwicklungsländern zusammen.
”Community IMCI" verbreitet Präventionsbotschaften über Ernährung, Stillen, Hygiene
und Luftverschmutzung. Ohne eine Ausweitung bewährter Behandlungs– und Präventionsansätze
und systematische Investitionen in Gesundheitssysteme werden weiterhin jedes Jahr
Millionen Kinder unnötigerweise sterben.
Globally, almost 10 million children under 5 die annually. Millennium development
goal 4 calls for a two thirds reduction in child mortality by 2015 with reference
to 1990. The main causes of childhood deaths – pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, measles,
malnutrition and neonatal problems – are easily preventable and treatable, but the
implementation of preventive and curative interventions is often insufficient in many
countries. WHO has developed guidelines to promote the implementation of these interventions
at the community, primary healthcare facility and hospital level. The Integrated Management
of Childhood Illness (IMCI) allows for the adequate treatment of common childhood
illnesses at peripheral health facilities. The ”Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children”
provides guidelines for the management of common illnesses with limited resources
at the hospital level. Community IMCI promotes preventive messages on feeding, hygiene,
and air pollution. Unless proven approaches to prevention and treatment are scaled
up and accompanied by systematic investments in health systems millions of children
will continue to die in vain every year.
Key words
child survival - millennium development goals - IMCI - quality improvement
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Korrespondenz
Susanne Carai
Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development World Health Organization
20, Avenue Appia
1211 Genf 27 Switzerland
Email: carais@who.int