Int J Sports Med 2009; 30(5): 379-382
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1105932
Orthopedics & Biomechanics

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Footwear and Running Cardio-respiratory Responses

D. A. Rubin 1 , R. J. Butler 2 , B. Beckman 3 , A. C. Hackney 3
  • 1Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, United States
  • 2Department of Physical Therapy, University of Evansville, Evansville, United States
  • 3Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Further Information

Publication History

accepted after revision October 14, 2008

Publication Date:
06 February 2009 (online)

Abstract

This study compared cardio-respiratory responses during running wearing a motion control shoe (MC) or a cushioning shoe (CU) in a cross-over single blinded design. Fourteen runners (10F/4M, age=27.3±5.1 years, body mass=64.1±12.2 kg, height=167.8±7.5 cm, VO2max=52.3±8.8 ml/kg/min) completed a 40-min run at ∼65% VO2 max under both shoe conditions. Oxygen uptake (mL/kg/min; L/min), minute ventilation (L/min), respiratory exchange ratio, and heart rate were measured at minutes 8–10, 18–20, 28–30 and 38–40 of exercise. Rating of perceived exertion was obtained at minutes 10, 20, 30 and 40. Two (footwear) by four (time) repeated measures ANOVAs showed no differences between footwear conditions in overall oxygen consumption (MC=36.8±1.5 vs. CU=35.3±1.4 mL/kg/min, p=0.143), minute ventilation (MC=50.4±4 vs. CU=48.5±3.8, p=0.147), respiratory exchange ratio (MC=0.90±0.01 vs. CU=0.89±0.01, p=0.331), heart rate (MC=159±3 vs. CU=160±3, p=0.926), or rate of perceived exertion. The design of motion control footwear does not appear to affect cardio-respiratory or perceived exertion responses during submaximal running. The findings are specific to the shoes tested. Nonetheless, the outcomes suggest that footwear selection to reduce certain overuse injuries does not increase the work of running.

References

  • 1 Arena R, Peberdy MA. Short-term reliability of oxygen uptake on-kinetics in apparently healthy subjects.  J Cardiopulmonary Rehabil. 2006;  26 219-223
  • 2 Berg K, Sady S. Oxygen cost of running at submaximal speeds while wearing shoe inserts.  Res Q Exerc Sport. 1985;  56 86-89
  • 3 Burkett LN, Kohrt WM, Buchbinder R. Effects of shoes and foot orthotics on VO2 and selected frontal plane knee kinematics.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;  17 158-163
  • 4 Butler RJ, Davis IS, Hamill J. Interaction of arch type and footwear on running mechanics.  Am J Sports Med. 2006;  34 1998-2004
  • 5 Catlin MJ, Dressendorfer RH. Effect of shoe weight on the energy cost of running [abstract].  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1979;  11 80
  • 6 Cheung RT, Ng GY. Influence of different footwear on force of landing during running.  Phys Ther. 2008;  88 620-628
  • 7 Clarke TE, Frederick EC, Hamill CL. The effects of shoe design parameters on rearfoot control in running.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1983;  15 376-391
  • 8 Dixon SJ, Creaby MW, Allsopp AJ. Comparison of static and dynamic biomechanical measures in military rescruits with and without a history of third metatarsal stress fracture.  Clin Bioemch. 2006;  21 412-419
  • 9 Donoghue OA, Harrison AJ, Laxton P, Jones RK. Lower limb kinematics of subjects with chronic Achilles tenon injury during running.  Res Sports Med. 2008;  16 23-38
  • 10 Frederick EC, Howley ET, Powers SK. Lower oxygen demands of running in soft-soled shoes.  Res Q Exercise Sport. 1986;  57 174-177
  • 11 Frederick EC, Daniels JT, Hayes JW. The effect of shoe weight on the aerobic demands of running. In: Proceedings of the World Congress on Sports Medicine, L Prokop, ed. Vienna: World Congress on Sports Medicine 1984: 616-625
  • 12 Harling SA, Tong RJ, Michleborough TD. The oxygen uptake response during running to exhaustion at peak treadmill speed.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;  35 663-668
  • 13 Hamill J, Freedson PS, Boda W, Reichsman F. Effects of shoe type on cardiorespiratory responses and rearfoot motion during treadmill running.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988;  20 515-521
  • 14 Martin PE. Mechanical and physiological responses to lower extremity loading during running.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;  17 427-433
  • 15 Milner CE, Ferber R, Pollard CD, Hamill J, Davis IS. Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;  38 323-328
  • 16 Pohl MB, Mullineaux DR, Milner CE, Hamill J, Davis IS. Biomechanical predictors of retrospective stress fractures in runners.  J Biomech. 2008;  41 1160-1165 , (E-pub)
  • 17 Roy J-P, Stefanyshyn DJ. Shoe midsole longitudinal stiffness and running economy, joint energy and EMG.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;  38 562-569
  • 18 Saunders PU, Pyne DB, Telford RD, Hawley JA. Reliability and variability of running economy in elite distance runners.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;  36 1972-1976
  • 19 Wegener C, Burns J, Penkala S. Effect of neutral-cushioned running shoes on plantar pressure loading and comfort in athletes with cavus feet: a crossover randomized control trial.  Am J Sports Med. 2008;  36 2139-2146
  • 20 Willems TM, Clerq D De, Delbaere K, Vanderstraeten G, Cock A De, Witvrouw E. A prospective study of gait related risk factors for exercise-related lower leg pain.  Gait Posture. 2006;  23 91-98
  • 21 Willems TM, Wivrouw E, Cock A De, Clercq D De. Gait-related risk factors for exercise-related lower-leg pain during shod running.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;  39 330-339

Correspondence

Dr. D. A. Rubin

Department of Kinesiology

California State University Fullerton

800 N. State College Blvd.

928343599 Fullerton

United States

Phone: +714/278 47 04

Fax: +714/278 53 17

Email: drubin@fullerton.edu

    >